Smart Contract-Driven Disaster Relief: A Case Study on QR-Integrated Blockchain Systems in the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Recovery

Authors

  • Gokhan Caybasi Department of Law, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Vocational School, Yalnızbağ Campus, 24000 Erzincan, Türkiye Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-9841
  • Gulsah Ayvazoglu Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Tayfur Sökmen Campus, Alahan, 31060 Antakya, Hatay, Türkiye Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0830-4570
  • Iskender Peker Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhanevi Campus, Bağlarbaşı Neighborhood, Kazım Karabekir Street, 29100 Gümüşhane, Türkiye Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6402-5117

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.66050/pjq32a52

Keywords:

Blockchain Technology, Disaster Management, Humanitarian Aid, QR-Integrated Blockchain Systems, Smart Contract

Abstract

In the aftermath of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, this study examines how blockchain technology might be incorporated into humanitarian aid efforts, with a particular focus on an AFAD-supervised container city in Hatay. To promote accountability and transparency, the research field-tested a QR-integrated Ethereum-based prototype for food-package distribution on 9 April 2025. The technology created an immutable and independently verifiable record of documented distribution transactions by using smart contracts to automate delivery verification. The field implementation demonstrated the technical feasibility of the proposed workflow, while expert assessments indicated potential operational benefits in areas such as data integrity, traceability, and package-level duplicate control. These assessments reflect expert judgments rather than directly measured performance improvements against the conventional system. Practical considerations for the future implementation of decentralized ledger technology in humanitarian logistics are outlined in the study’s conclusion.

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Author Biographies

  • Gulsah Ayvazoglu, Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Tayfur Sökmen Campus, Alahan, 31060 Antakya, Hatay, Türkiye

    Ph.D. Gülşah Ayvazoğlu is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Gümüşhane University.

    Her research focuses on humanitarian aid logistics, disaster management, and emergency systems, with particular emphasis on blockchain-based solutions for transparency, traceability, and efficiency in disaster and social assistance logistics. She integrates quantitative methods, statistical analysis, and multi-criteria decision-making techniques into the design of innovative logistics and tracking models. Her recent studies specifically explore the application of blockchain technology in humanitarian supply chains, donation management systems,

    Ph.D. Ayvazoğlu has published in national and international peer-reviewed journals and actively contributes to interdisciplinary research projects that combine disaster management, logistics optimization, and distributed ledger technologies.

  • Iskender Peker, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhanevi Campus, Bağlarbaşı Neighborhood, Kazım Karabekir Street, 29100 Gümüşhane, Türkiye

    İskender Peker is a Professor of Production and Operations Management at Gümüşhane University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. His research expertise includes multiple-criteria decision making, logistics, supply chain management, fuzzy computation, and stochastic processes. He has authored numerous articles on topics such as logistics center location selection, disaster logistics, performance evaluation using multi-criteria methods, and the application of analytical techniques in operations and supply chains. His work has been widely cited in academic literature and contributes to decision-making frameworks in both theoretical and applied contexts in business and management research.

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Management

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2026-10-14

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Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management

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Copyright (c) 2026 Gokhan Caybasi, Gulsah Ayvazolug, Iskender Peker (Author)

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How to Cite

Caybasi, G., Ayvazoglu, G., & Peker, I. (2026). Smart Contract-Driven Disaster Relief: A Case Study on QR-Integrated Blockchain Systems in the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Recovery. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.66050/pjq32a52

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