International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
type: channel
description: The International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) is a double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access international journal published twice a year, dedicated to advancing interdisciplinary research and practice in disaster and hazard studies, policy, and management. IJDRM publishes contributions across the full disaster risk management cycle—prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery—covering natural hazards, technological/man-made hazards, complex emergencies, and global crises. For detailed information, please consult the relevant sections of our website: About (About the Journal; Aims and Scope; Editor-in-Chief; Editorial Board; Editorial Independence and Non-Interference; Abstracting and Indexing Information; Publisher; Brochure; Contact; Editorial Masthead), Policies (Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement; Archiving Policy; Open Access Policy; Copyright and Licensing Policy; Repository Policy; Peer Review Policy; Plagiarism Policy and Preprints; Retraction Policy; View Profile; Privacy Statement), For Authors (Authorship; Author Instructions; Manuscript Preparation; Template for Authors; Publication Model: Continuous (Rolling) Publication; Publication Fees; Discount Policy—APC Discounts, Vouchers, Waivers; Revenue Sources; Conflicts of Interest; Submissions), and For Reviewers (Reviewer Instructions; Reviewer Acknowledgements; Reviewers’ Responsibilities; Reviewers Certificates/Voucher).
publisher: Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
issn: 2620-2662
copyright: This journal operates under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction, adaptation, and transformation in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. Authors retain the copyright of their articles. The International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) encourages and permits authors to: Post pre-print (submitted version), post-print (accepted version), and publisher’s version/PDF of their articles on personal websites, institutional repositories, disciplinary repositories, and academic networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, or departmental websites, Do so at any time, including before or after publication, Provided that appropriate credit is given to the original publication in this journal, including: Full bibliographic details A clear mention of the journal name A direct link to the article’s DOI (as an HTML link) No prior permission is required from the publisher or editors for such actions, as long as the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license are followed.
items: Leveraging Social Media and Mobile Technology for Disaster Communication in Nigeria
items: Tracing Forty Years of Research on the Bhopal Gas Tragedy: Trends, Themes, and Future Directions
items: Beyond the Original BRIC Model: Gaps, Limitations, and Adaptation of Community Resilience Indicators for Local Contexts
items: Terrorism and Destructive Cults as Sources of Societal Disruption: Conceptual Delineation for Effective Risk Management
items: Disaster Recovery and Data Integrity in Odisha: Institutional Corruption, Crop Loss Mismatches, and the Case for District-Level Destruction Scorecards
items: Site Suitability of Evacuation Centers in Zamboanga City, Philippines using GIS: Assessing Safety and Accessibility in Hazard-Prone Areas
items: Strategic Risks of AI-Enabled Automation: Implications for Crisis Management and Systemic Resilience
items: Regulating Emerging Technologies in Disaster Management: A Comparative Analysis of Security Governance and Legal Liability in India and Serbia
items: Volunteer-led emergency flood response in Bangladesh: Evidence for strengthening disaster-risk governance
items: Spatiotemporal Patterns of Cancer among Women in Central Serbia: Relevance for Risk-Informed Health Planning
items: Unveiling An Efficient Framework for Predicting Flood Risk Areas, Using Earth Observatory Data, Google Earth Engine, and Multicriteria Decision Making-Analytical Hierarchy Process
items: Exploring Non-Structural Flood Risk Management Measures in Haor Areas of Sunamganj, Bangladesh
items: Operational Capabilities in Disaster Emergency Management of Bureau of Fire Protection Personnel in Camarines Norte, Philippines
items: Livelihood Vulnerability and Adaptive Strategies Assessment of Farmers Living in Rajapur Municipality, Bardiya, Nepal
items: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mining Accident Severity Using Machine Learning Methods
items: Fire Protection of Religious Buildings in Serbia: Challenges, Risks, and Improvement Measures
items: Structural Vulnerability Assessment of Residential Buildings to Windstorm Hazard with Impact Analysis on Forest Stands: A Case Study from Vojvodina, Serbia
items: Recurrent Urban Flooding in Nairobi City: A Systematic Review of Environmental Determinants, Public Health Impacts and Policy Gaps
items: Institutionalizing Disaster Risk Reduction in Fragile States: Local Governance Capacity, Conflict Insecurity, and Community Resilience in Lower Juba, Somalia
items: Policy, Risk and Innovation: A Mixed-Methods Framework for Using AI to Foster Inclusion in Marginalized Communities in Bangladesh
items: Beyond the Floodwaters: Unraveling the Deep-Rooted Causes of Educational Exclusion in Haor Communities in Bangladesh
items: Assessing Disaster Risk and Adaptation Strategies in Coastal Agriculture: Evidence from Chandradip Union of Bauphal Upazila, Bangladesh
items: Insurance as a Model for Protecting the Economic System from Natural Disasters

Leveraging Social Media and Mobile Technology for Disaster Communication in Nigeria
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: social media, mobile technology, disaster communication, communicationNigeria, emergency management, digital infrastructure, early warning systems The qualitative and literature-based research presented here examines how Nigeria utilized social media and mobile phones for disaster communication between 2020 and 2025. To this end, it assesses the literature through a systematic review and narrative synthesis, as well as peer-reviewed articles, institutional reports, and policy documents. The research explores the evolving digital ecosystem of emergency management in Nigeria. The study's results indicate that the adoption of social media in disaster management in Africa has not yet reached the levels seen in countries such as the United States, Japan, and Australia in terms of initial uptake and the mainstreaming of the technology into disaster management processes. Even though as of January 2025, Nigeria has 107 million internet users (45.4% penetration rate) and 38.7 million active social media users (16.4% of the population) (Nyambo et al., 2024; Agbeyangi et al., 2024), significant challenges are still in place, such as a lack of infrastructure, rising misinformation, a low level of digital literacy, and distrust. One of the significant contributions highlighted by the study was that social media influencers, such as @Aproko_doctor, who had engagement rates comparable to the Nigerian Center for Disease Control but far greater interaction metrics, were the most public interactive during the 2020 Lagos lockdown for COVID-19 compared to official health authorities while still community leaders were the most preferred for flood risk communication (Akingbade, 2021; Marsh et al., 2024). The research examines the use of various platforms, the methods of disseminating early warnings, and the dual nature of digital technologies in Nigeria’s disaster communication scene, where they act as both facilitators and barriers. Among other things, the ma…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social media
  topic: keywords
subject: mobile technology
  topic: keywords
subject: disaster communication
  topic: keywords
subject: communicationNigeria
  topic: keywords
subject: emergency management
  topic: keywords
subject: digital infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: early warning systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Yamah
creator: Tayo Folorunsho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Yamah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 30
doi: 10.66050/x77jr639

Tracing Forty Years of Research on the Bhopal Gas Tragedy: Trends, Themes, and Future Directions
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: Bhopal gas tragedy, bibliometric analysis, industrial disaster, public health, research trends The Bhopal Gas Tragedy stands as a defining moment in the history of industrial disasters, prompting ongoing global discourse on public health, environmental safety, and corporate accountability. This study aims to systematically map and evaluate the scholarly landscape of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy over 40 years (1984–2024), offering a longitudinal perspective on the evolution, diffusion, and thematic transformation of research in this critical area. A total of 301 documents were analyzed, revealing fluctuating yet enduring scholarly engagement, with notable publication peaks corresponding to key anniversaries of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. The findings show a clear thematic evolution from early technical and toxicological investigations focused on chemical causes and health effects to more holistic perspectives encompassing industrial safety, environmental sustainability, and disaster governance. In recent years, research has increasingly integrated themes of public health, psychosocial resilience, and environmental justice, reflecting a shift from reactive crisis response to preventive and adaptive frameworks. Factorial analysis further identified three dominant thematic clusters: institutional and technical management of the disaster, long-term health and environmental outcomes, and occupational or exposure-related risks. The bibliometric insights derived from this study advance understanding of industrial disasters by illustrating how Bhopal-related research has transitioned from immediate impact analyses to broader explorations of systemic governance and resilience. The significant implication of this work is the highlighting of the growing incorporation of environmental regulation, community preparedness, and psychosocial recovery into disaster management frameworks. This evidence-based synthesis clarifies the field's intellectual structure. It p…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bhopal gas tragedy
  topic: keywords
subject: bibliometric analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: industrial disaster
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
subject: research trends
  topic: keywords
creator: Adarsh Thankappan
creator: Haneena Sulthana Kuzhichalil Ponnambath
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adarsh Thankappan, Haneena Sulthana Kuzhichalil Ponnambath (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 31
ending page: 54
doi: 10.66050/k5sxgr16

Beyond the Original BRIC Model: Gaps, Limitations, and Adaptation of Community Resilience Indicators for Local Contexts
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: community resilience, BRIC method, DROP framework, resilience indicators, adaptation of the BRIC method, resilience measurement methodology This paper reviews the development and adaptations of the BRIC (Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities) method for measuring local community resilience to disasters, grounded in the DROP (Disaster Resilience of Place) theoretical framework. The point of departure is the analysis of the DROP framework, which defines resilience as a dynamic process conditioned by pre-existing social, economic, institutional, and infrastructural conditions, as well as their interaction with natural systems. The first part of the paper discusses the theoretical value of this framework, as well as the practical challenges of its application arising from the limited availability of reliable data and the lack of standardized methodological approaches. The second part of the paper presents a detailed analysis of the development of resilience dimensions in contemporary literature, including socio-demographic structure, well-being and social capital, economic stability, institutional capacities, infrastructure, geographical and spatial characteristics, cooperation, and risk analysis. Through a comparative approach, it is shown that, although differently labeled, these indicators essentially converge on the same conceptual cores and reveal developmental discontinuities relative to the original DROP framework and the initial BRIC method. The central part of the paper examines the evolution of the BRIC method and its adaptations across different national contexts, including analyses of indicator applications in Norway, England, Nepal, Hungary, and Australia. Particular attention is paid to the role of the OECD methodological guidelines in indicator selection, with an emphasis on their frequent partial implementation, especially in areas related to handling missing data, reliability testing, and sensitivity analyses. In con…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: community resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: BRIC method
  topic: keywords
subject: DROP framework
  topic: keywords
subject: resilience indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptation of the BRIC method
  topic: keywords
subject: resilience measurement methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Dalibor Milenković
creator: Vladimir Cvetković
creator: Hatidža Beriša
creator: Vladimir Jakovljević
creator: Jasmina Gačić
creator: Vanja Cvetković
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dalibor Milenković, Vladimir Cvetković, Hatidža Beriša, Vladimir Jakovljević, Jasmina Gačić, Vanja Cvetković (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 55
ending page: 76
doi: 10.66050/2tmggc50

Terrorism and Destructive Cults as Sources of Societal Disruption: Conceptual Delineation for Effective Risk Management
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: terrorism, destructive cults, risk management, violent extremism, conceptual boundaries This article examines the conceptual boundary between terrorism and destructive cults as a critical precondition for effective risk management. While terrorism and cultic violence are commonly treated as analytically distinct phenomena, empirical evidence increasingly reveals overlapping organizational structures, leadership dynamics, and escalation pathways. Drawing on a comparative qualitative analysis of cases situated in the grey zone between terrorism and destructive cults, the study demonstrates that rigid classificatory distinctions obscure early warning signals and delay preventive intervention. The findings show that escalation toward outward-facing violence is driven less by ideological labels than by internal organizational dynamics, including charismatic authority, centralized decision-making, social isolation, and ideological absolutism. Destructive cults often generate high levels of latent risk despite limited external violence, while terrorist organizations with cultic characteristics exhibit intensified escalation potential. Hybrid organizations, in particular, demonstrate non-linear trajectories in which violence emerges abruptly without substantial organizational transformation. By reframing conceptual boundaries as tools of risk governance rather than static categories, the article advances a risk-oriented analytical framework that supports early detection and proportionate intervention. The study contributes to debates in terrorism studies, sociology of religion, and security policy by demonstrating that conceptual clarity is not an abstract theoretical concern, but a necessary condition for preventive risk management and effective security governance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: terrorism
  topic: keywords
subject: destructive cults
  topic: keywords
subject: risk management
  topic: keywords
subject: violent extremism
  topic: keywords
subject: conceptual boundaries
  topic: keywords
creator: Marko Gnjatović
creator: Slađan Milosavljević
creator: Miraš Milašinović
creator: Milica Bošković
creator: Nenad Putnik
creator: Emilia Alaverdov
creator: Miranda Gurgenidze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marko Gnjatović, Slađan Milosavljević, Miraš Milašinović, Milica Bošković, Nenad Putnik, Emilia Alaverdov, Miranda Gurgenidze (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 77
ending page: 90
doi: 10.66050/mr67g835

Disaster Recovery and Data Integrity in Odisha: Institutional Corruption, Crop Loss Mismatches, and the Case for District-Level Destruction Scorecards
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: post-disaster recovery, fiscal leakage, destruction scorecard, disaster risk governance, Odisha Odisha’s globally recognised disaster preparedness has not been matched by equivalent integrity in post-disaster recovery, where systemic fraud undermines the effectiveness of relief and fiscal stability. This study investigates how temporal and spatial loopholes in crop loss compensation and paddy procurement systems are exploited through false damage claims, stored grain fraud, partial damage manipulation, and ghost beneficiaries, often enabled by verification lapses, procurement manipulation, and political shielding. Using state budget data from 1999-2025, official procurement and compensation records, and a detailed case study of Bhadrak district’s 2024 unseasonal rain event, the analysis quantifies fiscal leakage and its macroeconomic implications, estimating potential annual losses in the hundreds of crores. The paper proposes a five-part reform package- Destruction Scorecard Framework, Digital Farmer Registry, season-linked procurement protocols, community-led audit panels, and an integrated Relief–Procurement Dashboard supported by a feasibility and cost–benefit assessment projecting savings exceeding ₹450 crore per year. Policy recommendations include enacting a Disaster Recovery Accountability Bill and advocating for national replication to improve the accuracy of agricultural GDP estimates and strengthen governance credibility. The findings position Odisha to lead in transparent, data-driven disaster recovery, offering a replicable model for other high-risk states in India.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: post-disaster recovery
  topic: keywords
subject: fiscal leakage
  topic: keywords
subject: destruction scorecard
  topic: keywords
subject: disaster risk governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Odisha
  topic: keywords
creator: Jeevan Nayak
creator: Manas Ranjan Nayak
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jeevan Nayak, Manas Ranjan Naya Jeevan Nayak1, Manas Ranjan Nayak2 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 91
ending page: 102
doi: 10.66050/53hznm05

Site Suitability of Evacuation Centers in Zamboanga City, Philippines using GIS: Assessing Safety and Accessibility in Hazard-Prone Areas
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: site suitability, evacuation center, natural hazard, safety, Zamboanga, GIS, AHP Climate change is a present-day problem, making areas previously unaffected by natural hazards now vulnerable to disasters. Building resilient cities involves ensuring effective disaster response, which includes providing safe and accessible evacuation centers (ECs). This study evaluates the suitability of ECs in Zamboanga City, Philippines, by assessing their safety and accessibility. Using QGIS, the exposure of ECs to various natural hazards was analyzed. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to determine the weights for each criterion. Results revealed that most of the ECs are moderately suitable in terms of safety, with a few highly suitable. However, accessibility ratings varied, highlighting the need for improvements in infrastructure in certain areas. The study emphasizes the reality that not all safe ECs are accessible, and not all accessible ECs are safe.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: site suitability
  topic: keywords
subject: evacuation center
  topic: keywords
subject: natural hazard
  topic: keywords
subject: safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Zamboanga
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: AHP
  topic: keywords
creator: Mary Joanne C. Aniñon
creator: Andres Winston C. Oreta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mary Joanne C. Aniñon, Andres Winston C. Oreta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 103
ending page: 130
doi: 10.66050/xmwvws10

Strategic Risks of AI-Enabled Automation: Implications for Crisis Management and Systemic Resilience
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: artificial intelligence, military decision-making, risk governance, socio-technical systems, escalation risk Artificial intelligence is increasingly embedded in military decision-making systems, transforming not only operational performance but the structural conditions under which risk is produced and governed. This article develops a conceptual socio-technical analysis of AI-enabled automation through the lenses of systemic risk, risk governance, and resilience. Rather than treating AI as a discrete tool, the paper conceptualizes automation as a structural intervention in high-risk decision infrastructures. Four analytical findings are advanced. First, AI-mediated workflows redistribute practical control by shaping what information is salient, how threats are classified, and which actions appear feasible. Second, automation compresses decision time, reducing space for deliberation and increasing reliance on algorithmic outputs under uncertainty. Third, tighter coupling and accelerated interaction across domains enable localized errors or manipulations to propagate into broader escalation dynamics. Fourth, distributed human–machine architectures contribute to responsibility diffusion, weakening the alignment between accountability and effective decision influence. The article argues that prevailing “human-in-the-loop” safeguards are insufficient when control is reduced to technical override rather than institutional capacity for judgment and accountability. Effective integration of AI in high-risk environments requires governance arrangements that preserve human judgment as a strategic resource for crisis management and systemic resilience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: military decision-making
  topic: keywords
subject: risk governance
  topic: keywords
subject: socio-technical systems
  topic: keywords
subject: escalation risk
  topic: keywords
creator: Dejan Vuletić
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dejan Vuletić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-01
publication date: 2026-03-01
starting page: 131
ending page: 146
doi: 10.66050/xhmjy003

Regulating Emerging Technologies in Disaster Management: A Comparative Analysis of Security Governance and Legal Liability in India and Serbia
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: disaster management, emerging technologies, security governance, legal liability, cybersecurity, critical infrastructure The integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), drones, IoT sensors, big data, and blockchain is revolutionizing disaster management by enhancing response speed and effectiveness. However, these advancements introduce significant challenges in security governance and legal liability, particularly around accountability, data protection, algorithmic bias, and the resilience of critical infrastructure. This comparative study examines how India and Serbia regulate the use of these technologies in disaster management, incorporating legal analysis, policy review, and expert insights. The findings highlight that while India focuses on national frameworks, particularly through the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Serbia aligns its disaster management approach with European Union standards and emphasizes regional cooperation. Both countries face common challenges, including the attribution of liability for autonomous decision-making, cybersecurity risks, and cross-border coordination. To address these issues, the study proposes a hybrid governance model that combines adaptive regulation, multi-stakeholder partnerships, liability-sharing mechanisms, and technology-neutral legal frameworks. The research argues that effective regulation must balance operational efficiency with security, legitimacy, and human rights protection, ultimately fostering public trust and enhancing disaster resilience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: disaster management
  topic: keywords
subject: emerging technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: security governance
  topic: keywords
subject: legal liability
  topic: keywords
subject: cybersecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: critical infrastructure
  topic: keywords
creator: Manindra Singh Hanspal
creator: Vladimir M. Cvetković
creator: Milan Lipovac
creator: Dejana Jovanović Popović
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Manindra Singh Hanspal, Vladimir Cvetković, Milan Lipovac, Dejana Jovanović Popović (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 147
ending page: 162
doi: 10.66050/5jedtn66

Volunteer-led emergency flood response in Bangladesh: Evidence for strengthening disaster-risk governance
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: Bangladesh, community resilience, disaster response, flood, public health, volunteer-led emergency response Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to floods, like natural disasters. Yet, contributions of volunteer-led non-profit organizations (NVOs) in emergency response remain underexplored. This paper investigates how an NVO responded to a flood, from rapid rescue to post-flood recovery, and evaluates the effects of its engagement on public health, organizational learning and growth, and community resilience. We applied a mixed-methods approach, combining organizational document reviews, structured interviews with seven key volunteers, direct field observations, and photographic documentation of relief and medical camp activities (21–28 August 2024). Quantitative data on reported illnesses were analyzed using STATA-18 and R through descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, post-hoc comparisons, and multinomial logistic regression. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis with a deductive coding framework. The NVO provided critical support through rapid rescue, targeted relief, and medical camps addressing integumentary (46.5%), respiratory (13.2%), skeletal (5%), gastrointestinal (2.6%), and other illnesses (32.7%). Thematic analysis highlighted organizational strengths, including field-level experience, decentralized leadership, adaptability, and strong collaborative capacity with government and other non-government actors. Despite resource constraints, the NVO demonstrated high operational effectiveness and recognition during the crisis. Formal integration of NVOs into national disaster coordination mechanisms is recommended. Institutional, technical, and financial support can strengthen disaster risk reduction, governance, and social development in resource-constrained settings. This study establishes novelty by linking health impact assessment with organizational learning in volunteer-led disaster response, combining quantitative ou…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
subject: community resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: disaster response
  topic: keywords
subject: flood
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
subject: volunteer-led emergency response
  topic: keywords
creator: Meherjan Islam
creator: Md. Abidul Islam
creator: Farzana Afroj
creator: Afra Adiba Islam
creator: Onamika Karmakar
creator: Abdullah Al Mahmud Nayem
creator: Md. Ahasanul Hoque
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Meherjan Islam, Md. Abidul Islam, Farzana Afroj, Afra Adiba Islam, Onamika Karmakar, Abdullah Al Mahmud Nayem, Md. Ahasanul Hoque (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 163
ending page: 182
doi: 10.66050/jf110s44

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Cancer among Women in Central Serbia: Relevance for Risk-Informed Health Planning
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: cancers, women, Central Serbia, Hot Spot Analysis Malignant diseases are among the most prevalent health conditions affecting the female population in the Republic of Serbia. This study provides an overview of the most common malignant diseases – cancers in women in the central part of Serbia from 1999 to 2021, including breast, cervical, uterine, colorectal, bladder, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and bronchial cancers from a geographic perspective. The spatial hot spots were identified using the well-known Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. New and consecutive hot spots for lung and bronchus cancer incidence were detected in Zlatiborski, Moravički, Mačvanski, and Beogradski counties, with oscillating and sporadic hot spots in the others. Consecutive hot spots for lung and bronchus cancer mortality were identified in Beogradski, Kolubarski, Podunavski, and Šumadijski counties, whereas oscillating hot spots were identified in Braničevski and Pomoravski counties. New hotspots for ovarian cancer incidence were concentrated in Zlatiborski and Moravički counties, whereas cold spots for uterine cancer incidence were identified in Kolubarski, Šumadijski, and Mačvanski counties. Pancreatic cancer incidence exhibited consecutive and sporadic patterns across multiple regions, while bladder cancer incidence showed widespread hot spots. The results provide valuable evidence on regions most severely affected and underscore the necessity of targeted preventive and intervention strategies. This analysis contributes to improving public health outcomes in Serbia and offers a model for similar studies in other countries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cancers
  topic: keywords
subject: women
  topic: keywords
subject: Central Serbia
  topic: keywords
subject: Hot Spot Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Emina Kričković
creator: Tin Lukić
creator: Vladimir M. Cvetković
creator: Zoran Kričković
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Emina Kričković, Tin Lukić, Vladimir M. Cvetković, Zoran Kričković (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
starting page: 183
ending page: 200
doi: 10.66050/jp6s4065

Unveiling An Efficient Framework for Predicting Flood Risk Areas, Using Earth Observatory Data, Google Earth Engine, and Multicriteria Decision Making-Analytical Hierarchy Process
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: Google Earth Engine, MCDA-AHP, GIS, remote sensing, flood prediction, Niger East The flood risk in the Niger-East region of Niger State is increasingly becoming an annual event. Climatic shifts, land-surface modifications, and human socioeconomic factors are among the conditions that trigger floods. This study explores geospatial technology and multicriteria decision analysis-analytical hierarchy process (MCDA-AHP) to develop a flood risk prediction system that leverages Google Earth Engine to process remote sensing data directly influencing flood risk. Elevation, slope, drainage density, rainfall, soil, proximity to drainage, proximity to road, population density, flow accumulation, and land use land cover (LULC). The weightage assignment was performed using the MCDA-AHP technique. Flood risk classes predicted as very low, 13.82 km2 (9.29%), low, 18.77 km2 (12.61%), low – moderate, 111.97 km2 (75.24%), high, 3.32 km2 (2.23%), and very high, 0.93 km2 (0.63%) of the study area, respectively. This research presents a flood emergency response system that highlights the impact of different prioritization criteria across multiple conditions. Therefore, integrating GEE to generate different flood-conditioning risk indicators, prioritized and ranked using MCDA-AHP, is crucial for developing an efficient methodological framework for flood risk prediction across a wide region, achieving 88% precision. Thus, effective for evidence-based decision-making by authorities, policy makers, and emergency response agencies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Google Earth Engine
  topic: keywords
subject: MCDA-AHP
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: remote sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: flood prediction
  topic: keywords
subject: Niger East
  topic: keywords
creator: Ishaku Bashir Yakubu
creator: Sheikh D. Abubakar
creator: Solomon Ndace Jiya
creator: Yakubu Muhammad
creator: Aisha Yakubu Aliyu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ishaku Bashir Yakubu, Sheikh D. Abubakar, Solomon Ndace Jiya, Yakubu Muhammad, Aisha Yakubu Aliyu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
starting page: 201
ending page: 228
doi: 10.66050/xfxaaq83

Exploring Non-Structural Flood Risk Management Measures in Haor Areas of Sunamganj, Bangladesh
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: non-structural, flood risk management, boro farmers, haor areas, Bangladesh This is a qualitative study focusing on non-structural flood management measures to support Boro rice farmers in Tahirpur Upazila in Sunamganj District, a highly flood-prone area. The objective of the study is to analyze existing non-structural flood management practices, including flood forecasting and dissemination processes, as well as farmer education and training. This study found that floods, especially flash floods, are devastating and sorrowful for the farmers in the area, destroying their crops, hard work, and livelihood. They remain far from modern technology-based agricultural and information systems. According to experienced respondents, one of the major problems of non-structured flood risk management is the unavailability of timely upstream information, particularly for adjacent flood-prone areas in India, including Meghalaya, which leads to unexpected flash floods in the study area. Due to insufficient data or information, residents in the study area still rely on perception and indigenous knowledge regarding flood-related issues. This study gathers extensive data through in-depth interviews and Key Informant Interviews (KII). Additionally, other convenient techniques have also been used to collect relevant information.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: non-structural
  topic: keywords
subject: flood risk management
  topic: keywords
subject: boro farmers
  topic: keywords
subject: haor areas
  topic: keywords
subject: Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
creator: Hajera Aktar Aktar
creator: Syeda Ismat Ara Jahan
creator: Md Rakib Mia
creator: Habibur Rahman Masrur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hajera Aktar Aktar, Syeda Ismat Ara Jahan, Md Rakib Mia Mia, Habibur Rahman Masrur Masrur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 229
ending page: 238
doi: 10.66050/yh3z5n98

Operational Capabilities in Disaster Emergency Management of Bureau of Fire Protection Personnel in Camarines Norte, Philippines
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: operational capabilities, disaster emergency management, resource planning, responsiveness, organizational management, information dissemination This study assessed the operational capabilities of Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) personnel in disaster emergency management in the Province of Camarines Norte, Philippines. Preliminary observations and institutional reports indicated several operational constraints that potentially affect the effectiveness of disaster response in the province. Among the most pressing concerns are the limited number of personnel assigned to several municipal fire stations, uneven manpower distribution across municipalities, constraints in the availability and readiness of firefighting and rescue equipment, and the irregular conduct of specialized disaster response and Incident Command System (ICS) trainings. The study assessed the operational capabilities of the Bureau of Fire Protection personnel in Camarines Norte for Disaster Emergency Management from 2024 to 2025. The study determined the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, length of service, and relevant training attended. Also, in terms of operational capabilities in disaster emergency management, it focused only on resource planning, organizational management, responsiveness, and information dissemination, which was crucial to personnel in terms of their level of knowledge at every level, using the researcher’s structured research instrument. The method of data collection was an online survey to gather primary data from the selected respondents. The study was limited only to those personnel who had completed the different levels of the Incident Command System, wherein out of 207 personnel, only 82 had training on the different levels across the twelve municipalities of the province, to gather the needed information during the collection of the data in the form of a questionnaire. The study utilized a des…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: operational capabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: disaster emergency management
  topic: keywords
subject: resource planning
  topic: keywords
subject: responsiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: organizational management
  topic: keywords
subject: information dissemination
  topic: keywords
creator: Mark Anthony R. Pimentel
creator: Maria Cristina C. Azuelo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mark Anthony R. Pimentel, Maria Cristina C. Azuelo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
starting page: 239
ending page: 256
doi: 10.66050/s34qe772

Livelihood Vulnerability and Adaptive Strategies Assessment of Farmers Living in Rajapur Municipality, Bardiya, Nepal
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: climate change, flood hazard, vulnerability, adaptation, farmer’s livelihoods Floods in the Terai region of Nepal cause substantial damage to property, increasing household indebtedness, disrupt sustainable livelihoods, and trigger migration. Despite the growing frequency and severity of floods, flood vulnerability remains under-researched. This study assesses local climatic trends, livelihood vulnerability, and adaptation strategies among farmers in Wards 1, 3, 4, and 7 of Rajapur Municipality. Specifically, it analyzes local climate trends to determine hazard exposure and assesses the livelihood vulnerability of small, medium, and large farmers using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC frameworks. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of adaptation strategies adopted by these farmer groups in responding to climate-related hazards. It had combined 30 years of climate data with empirical evidence from 160 households, four focus group discussions, and five key informant interviews. Results indicated an average annual temperature increase of 0.0084 °C, with seasonally consistent warming trends, except during the post-monsoon period. Annual average rainfall increased by 8.318 mm annually, while seasonal patterns revealed declining winter and post-monsoon precipitation and rising pre-monsoon and monsoon rainfall. The data confirmed that the small farmers have the highest levels of vulnerability, followed by medium and large-scale farmers. Adaptation strategies identified as effective included early warning systems, flood shelters, raised tubewells, capacity-building programs, social networks, and river embankments. This finding contributed to a deeper understanding of flood-related livelihood vulnerabilities and adaptive responses in the region, providing evidence-based guidance for interventions and risk-reduction planning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: flood hazard
  topic: keywords
subject: vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: farmer’s livelihoods
  topic: keywords
creator: Prajun Chapagain
creator: Ram Asheshwar Mandal
creator: Ajay Bhakta Mathema
creator: Sudip Pandey
creator: Sewak Bhatta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Prajun Chapagain, Ram Asheshwar Mandal, Ajay Bhakta Mathema, Sudip Pandey, Sewak Bhatta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-07
publication date: 2026-03-07
starting page: 257
ending page: 276
doi: 10.66050/hk586293

A Comprehensive Assessment of Mining Accident Severity Using Machine Learning Methods
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: behavioral factors, mining industry, safety, accidents, machine learning The mining sector is recognized as one of the riskiest in the world. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing accident severity. In this study, eight machine learning (ML) methods were systematically evaluated, among which Gradient Boosting and Random Forest emerged as the top-performing models. These ensemble models demonstrated consistently high performance across multiple evaluation metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score, and ROC AUC), highlighting their robustness and reliability in distinguishing between fatal and non-fatal accident outcomes. Across both impurity-based (Gini importance) and robust model-agnostic (SHAP) frameworks, Risk Taking, Age, and Experience emerge as the most influential predictors. Social engagement metrics vary in importance, collectively suggesting that social support systems may play a meaningful role in moderating the severity of accidents. These findings substantiate the utility of machine learning not only for accurate outcome classification but also for elucidating the multifaceted drivers of accident severity, thereby informing targeted intervention and prevention strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: behavioral factors
  topic: keywords
subject: mining industry
  topic: keywords
subject: safety
  topic: keywords
subject: accidents
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Irshad Ahmad
creator: Ajay Kumar Guptab
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Irshad Ahmad, Ajay Kumar Guptab (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 277
ending page: 292
doi: 10.18485/khwvt756

Fire Protection of Religious Buildings in Serbia: Challenges, Risks, and Improvement Measures
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: disasters, Orthodox churches, fires, fire protection, buildings, cultural heritage Religious buildings in the Republic of Serbia, particularly Orthodox churches and monasteries, represent a significant component of the nation’s spiritual, cultural, and historical heritage; however, they remain highly susceptible to fire hazards. This study evaluates the current state of fire protection in these structures, with particular attention to risks associated with architectural features, liturgical practices, age, cultural significance, and institutional protection frameworks. The analysis draws upon scientific and professional literature, relevant normative and institutional frameworks, and documented fire incidents in religious buildings. The results demonstrate that fire protection remains fragmented and insufficiently integrated, with technical measures frequently addressed in isolation from legal, organizational, cultural, and financial considerations. Key challenges include outdated electrical systems, the use of open flames during rituals, limited financial resources, inadequate technical documentation, and constraints imposed by cultural heritage protection. The study contends that effective fire protection for religious buildings necessitates a comprehensive, context-sensitive approach that incorporates preventive technical systems, risk assessment, legal compliance, institutional collaboration, and education for clergy and users. This research contributes to the field by emphasizing the need for a systematic, proactive fire risk management framework for religious buildings in Serbia to safeguard both human safety and cultural heritage.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: disasters
  topic: keywords
subject: Orthodox churches
  topic: keywords
subject: fires
  topic: keywords
subject: fire protection
  topic: keywords
subject: buildings
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural heritage
  topic: keywords
creator: Željko Lazić
creator: Kristijan Đujić
creator: Miraš Milašinović
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Željko Lazić, Kristijan Đujić, Miraš Milašinović (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 293
ending page: 304
doi: 10.66050/0zb8ta95

Structural Vulnerability Assessment of Residential Buildings to Windstorm Hazard with Impact Analysis on Forest Stands: A Case Study from Vojvodina, Serbia
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: hazards, vulnerability assessment, windstorm disaster, hazard, image analysis, forest, buildings This study presents an indicator-based methodology for assessing the structural vulnerability of individual residential buildings to windstorm hazard. The methodology is based on the Household Sector Approach: CIMDEN 2001 procedure, with parameters adapted to assess the vulnerability of an individual house to windstorm events. In the case of a windstorm event, the structural vulnerability of a house is analyzed through five parameters with assigned weights: roof type, roof construction, roof sides, roof material, number of floors, and doors and windows on non-roof sides. The further classification into low, medium, and high classes is based on construction material and building type, recognizing that some are more vulnerable than others. The material classification is based on the analysis of historical windstorm event outcomes and on material and building types used in specific regions of interest (in this work, Vojvodina, an autonomous province in Serbia). The material and building types in this region are similar across the whole Pannonian Basin. During the development of this methodology, the authors also incorporated the indigenous knowledge and experience of structural damage consequences from two recent supercell storm events on 19 and 21 July 2023. that heavily hit the Novi Sad metropolitan area and caused disruption and destruction of forest areas near the Danube River, power lines, and roofs on schools, individual houses, residential buildings, and companies. The methodology was applied to 50 houses in Bačka Palanka and 11 houses in Begeč, both of which were affected by severe supercell windstorms on 19 and 21 July 2023. Building attributes were derived from Google Street View imagery (2014) and field survey (2026). The resulting vulnerability assessment enabled spatial visualization and comparative assessment in a GIS environment. B…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: hazards
  topic: keywords
subject: vulnerability assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: windstorm disaster
  topic: keywords
subject: hazard
  topic: keywords
subject: image analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: forest
  topic: keywords
subject: buildings
  topic: keywords
creator: Lazar Jeftic
creator: Vladimir Višacki
creator: Srdjan Stojnić
creator: Dejan B. Stojanovic
creator: Lazar Kesić
creator: Bratislav Matović
creator: Saša Orlović
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lazar Jeftic, Vladimir Višacki, Srdjan Stojnić, Dejan B. Stojanovic, Lazar Kesić, Bratislav Matović, Saša Orlović (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-09
publication date: 2026-05-09
starting page: 305
ending page: 330
doi: 10.66050/nhg50f24

Recurrent Urban Flooding in Nairobi City: A Systematic Review of Environmental Determinants, Public Health Impacts and Policy Gaps
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: disaster, urban flooding, Nairobi, public health, climate change, diarrhoeal disease, riparian encroachment, urban planning, waterborne disease, Kenya Nairobi has experienced recurrent and increasingly severe urban flooding over the past two decades. The April–May 2024 floods claimed between 267 and 294 lives and displaced approximately 380,000 people across Kenya, while the March 2026 flash floods — triggered by 112mm of rainfall within 24 hours — killed at least 66 people nationally and caused an estimated USD 300 million in infrastructure damage. These events reflect a systemic failure of intersecting environmental, structural, and governance determinants. This narrative systematic review (PRISMA 2020-adapted; final search: 31 March 2026) synthesizes evidence on the environmental determinants, public health burden, and governance gaps driving Nairobi's recurring floods. Searches across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, WHO IRIS, ReliefWeb, and national government portals identified 443 records, of which 68 sources met inclusion criteria across three evidence tiers. Five interconnected environmental determinants were identified: rapid unplanned urbanisation with significant green space loss; illegal encroachment on riparian reserves in violation of Kenya's 60-metre buffer zone mandate; ageing drainage infrastructure; intensifying bimodal rainfall amplified by climate change and El Niño; and upstream land degradation reducing catchment retention. Public health consequences include direct mortality, mass displacement, cholera and diarrhoeal disease outbreaks, vector-borne disease resurgence, and significant mental health burden, all disproportionately affecting informal settlement residents. Persistent governance gaps in land-use enforcement, flood risk assessment, inter-agency coordination, and community inclusion perpetuate this vulnerability. Lastly, 19 evidence-grounded recommendations are proposed across environmental, public h…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: disaster
  topic: keywords
subject: urban flooding
  topic: keywords
subject: Nairobi
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: diarrhoeal disease
  topic: keywords
subject: riparian encroachment
  topic: keywords
subject: urban planning
  topic: keywords
subject: waterborne disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Kenya
  topic: keywords
creator: Henry Koech
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Henry Koech (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-09
publication date: 2026-05-09
starting page: 331
ending page: 366
doi: 10.66050/ac1fpr38

Institutionalizing Disaster Risk Reduction in Fragile States: Local Governance Capacity, Conflict Insecurity, and Community Resilience in Lower Juba, Somalia
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: disaster risk reduction, governance capacity, state fragility, armed conflict, community resilience, Somalia, adaptive governance Fragile and conflict-affected states face compounded disaster risks where weak governance structures intersect with climate stressors and armed violence. This study examines how local governance capacity influences community resilience through the institutionalization of disaster risk reduction, and under what conditions conflict insecurity moderates this relationship, in Lower Juba, Somalia. Drawing on adaptive governance theory, institutional theory, and community resilience frameworks, the study tests a moderated mediation model using survey data from 400 households across four drought- and conflict-affected communities. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the four-factor structure of the constructs, with a comparative fit index of 0.96 and a root mean square error of approximation of 0.05. Bootstrapped mediation analysis with 5,000 samples revealed that disaster risk reduction institutionalization partially mediates the relationship between governance capacity and community resilience, with an indirect effect of β = 0.28 and a 95% confidence interval of [0.19, 0.39], accounting for 53.8% of the total effect. Moderation analysis showed that conflict insecurity significantly weakens the positive association between governance capacity and resilience, with a change in R-squared of 0.04 and p = 0.003. Findings demonstrate that governance capacity enhances resilience primarily when disaster risk reduction mechanisms are institutionalized, yet persistent insurgent insecurity undermines institutional effectiveness. The study contributes rare empirical evidence from a highly under-researched fragile setting. It offers context-specific policy guidance on integrating conflict-sensitive disaster risk reduction in sub-Saharan Africa.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: disaster risk reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: governance capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: state fragility
  topic: keywords
subject: armed conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: community resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Somalia
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptive governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Akaninyene Unaam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Akaninyene Unaam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 367
ending page: 384
doi: 10.66050/c06z9913

Policy, Risk and Innovation: A Mixed-Methods Framework for Using AI to Foster Inclusion in Marginalized Communities in Bangladesh
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: hazards, artificial intelligence, government policies, marginalized communities, Bangladesh, inclusive education This study examines how the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and the implementation of policies shape inclusive educational outcomes for marginalized learners in Bangladesh, using evidence from Sherpur Sadar Upazilla. A convergent mixed-methods design integrated a student survey (N = 213; seven institutions; March–September 2024) with qualitative data from 37 stakeholders (teachers and policymakers) collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative findings show that AI tool adoption was the strongest predictor of a composite educational outcome score (β = 0.38, p < 0.001), followed by institutional support (β = 0.25, p = 0.01). In contrast, the policy implementation gap—defined as the mismatch between policy intent and on-the-ground delivery—was negatively associated with outcomes (β = −0.12, p = 0.04). Digital infrastructure quality was positively associated with the outcome but was not statistically significant in the multivariable model (β = 0.17, p = 0.12). The model demonstrated strong explanatory power (R² = 0.67; F(4, 208) = 42.3; p < 0.001). Disparity analyses revealed persistent urban–rural inequities in reliable internet access (94.6% vs. 69.7%) and device readiness, with tablet access emerging as a key enabler of advanced AI-supported learning. Qualitative results corroborated three binding constraints: limited teacher AI preparedness, affordability barriers, and trust concerns related to privacy and algorithmic bias. Building on these findings, the paper proposes a policy–innovation framework centered on localized AI toolkits, sustained teacher upskilling, device-access interventions, and enforceable fairness and transparency safeguards to advance equitable learning opportunities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: hazards
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: government policies
  topic: keywords
subject: marginalized communities
  topic: keywords
subject: Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive education
  topic: keywords
creator: Ritesh Karmaker
creator: Vladimir M. Cvetković
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ritesh Karmaker, Vladimir M. Cvetković (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 385
ending page: 408
doi: 10.66050/scv48268

Beyond the Floodwaters: Unraveling the Deep-Rooted Causes of Educational Exclusion in Haor Communities in Bangladesh
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: flood, Haor, school drop-out, educational marginalization, climate vulnerability, rural education Primary school dropout is an urgent issue in the Haor regions of Bangladesh due to recurrent flooding and socio-economic barriers, leading to educational exclusion. The study aims to highlight the main causes of dropout in Haor villages of Ajmiriganj Upazila, Habiganj District. While progress has been made in providing access to basic education, dropout rates are very high in Haor regions, indicating that structural barriers to basic education are more serious than environmental ones. The study is guided by a theoretical framework that encompasses comprehensive theoretical inputs, such as Social Reproduction Theory and Human Capital Theory. The study adopted a primarily descriptive qualitative research design. Interviews, FGDs, audio recordings, and observations of 350 people (students, guardians, teachers, and school management committee members) in five unions were conducted to gather data. Secondary sources were books, journal articles, official publications, and reputable websites. The results show that the low employment opportunities for guardians, lack of qualified teachers, environmental vulnerability, and early marriage, particularly among girls, are the key factors that lead to school dropouts. Its key policy and practice implications include improving household livelihoods, upgrading school facilities, strengthening teacher recruitment, and holding community-based awareness sessions to reduce the early marriage rate. These are essential strategies to support educational resilience and inclusive development in the Haor regions of Bangladesh.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: flood
  topic: keywords
subject: Haor
  topic: keywords
subject: school drop-out
  topic: keywords
subject: educational marginalization
  topic: keywords
subject: climate vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: rural education
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Fakhrus Salam
creator: Shimul Gope
creator: Sharmin Akter
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Fakhrus Salam, Shimul Gope, Sharmin Akter (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-17
publication date: 2026-05-17
starting page: 409
ending page: 422
doi: 10.66050/g2hpng07

Assessing Disaster Risk and Adaptation Strategies in Coastal Agriculture: Evidence from Chandradip Union of Bauphal Upazila, Bangladesh
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: disaster risk management, coastal agriculture, agricultural resilience, hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, adaptation strategies, riverbank erosion, storm surge, cyclone, Bangladesh The coastal zone of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, which significantly affect agricultural production and livelihoods. Agriculture is the primary livelihood for most coastal communities. Patuakhali is a coastal district of Bangladesh, and Bauphal Upazila is one of its most agriculturally dependent areas. Therefore, this study was conducted in Chandradip Union of Bauphal Upazila to assess disaster risks in the agricultural sector. The main objective of the study was to identify and assess natural disaster risks in agriculture through hazard, vulnerability, and capacity assessments, and to explore suitable adaptation strategies for enhancing disaster resilience. Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. A total of 100 households were randomly selected and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. In addition, five Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and five Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted. Field observations and relevant secondary data sources were also utilized. The findings reveal that riverbank erosion (1.043), storm surge (0.942), and cyclone (0.934) are the most significant disaster risks affecting the agricultural sector due to their high hazard intensity, high vulnerability, and low coping capacity. The study further identifies that alternative livelihood options (27%), loans and subsidies (25%), and short-duration rice cultivation (24%) are the most commonly recommended adaptation strategies by the farming community. These are followed by embankment construction (22%) and farm mechanization (2%). The study highlights the need for integrated risk management and strengthened adaptive capacity to enhance agricultural resilience in coastal Bangladesh. This study provided empirical evidence…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: disaster risk management
  topic: keywords
subject: coastal agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: agricultural resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: hazard assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: vulnerability assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptation strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: riverbank erosion
  topic: keywords
subject: storm surge
  topic: keywords
subject: cyclone
  topic: keywords
subject: Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
creator: Md. Faisal
creator: Imran Hawladar
creator: Vladimir Cvetković
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Md. Faisal, Imran Hawladar, Vladimir Cvetković (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-17
publication date: 2026-05-17
doi: 10.66050/6pd80w30

Insurance as a Model for Protecting the Economic System from Natural Disasters
type: item
description: Section: Articles Keywords: insurance, protection, prevention, risk, disaster, public interest Natural disasters increasingly generate serious economic consequences, including direct property losses, disruption of production and trade flows, increased public expenditure, and pressure on state budgets. In this context, insurance represents an important instrument of disaster risk financing and economic system protection. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of insurance as a model for protecting the economic system from the consequences of natural disasters, with particular reference to the Republic of Serbia. The paper applies normative legal analysis, theoretical analysis, comparative analysis, and secondary data analysis. Special attention is given to the relationship between voluntary and compulsory insurance, public-private partnership models, catastrophe insurance pools, and the role of the state in disaster risk financing. The findings indicate that an effective insurance system can reduce the financial burden on the state, accelerate post-disaster recovery, and strengthen the resilience of households, businesses, and the wider economic system. However, in Serbia, the development of such a model requires stronger institutional support, improved insurance culture, subsidized premiums for vulnerable groups, reliable hazard data, and a clearer division of responsibilities between the state, insurers, and insured entities. The paper concludes that a combined public-private model of disaster insurance would be the most appropriate direction for strengthening economic resilience to natural disasters in Serbia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: insurance
  topic: keywords
subject: protection
  topic: keywords
subject: prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: risk
  topic: keywords
subject: disaster
  topic: keywords
subject: public interest
  topic: keywords
creator: Luka Baturan
creator: Goran Milošević
creator: Cvjetana Cvjetković Ivetić
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luka Baturan, Goran Milošević, Cvjetana Cvjetković Ivetić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-21
publication date: 2026-05-21
starting page: 445
ending page: 464
doi: 10.66050/z82mwm80