2026-09-12T20:37:01Z https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/oai

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Risk Perception of Building Fires in Belgrade Cvetkovic, Vladimir M. fire risk; perception; building fires; Belgrade Starting from the frequency and seriousness of fire in residential buildings in the area of Belgrade, this paper presents the results of research on the perception of citizens’ risks of fires in residential buildings. A series of 322 face-to-face interviews were conducted at the beginning of 2017 in Belgrade. The results of multivariate regressions of risk perception of building fires show that the most important predictor of perceived risk of building fires is fear, age, employment status, income level, and marital status. The remaining variables (e.g., gender, education level, previous experience) did not have a significant impact. Respondents who have fear, are married, have higher income, and elderly people perceive the higher level of risk in relation to those who have no fear, live alone, have lower incomes and younger persons. The results of the research can beused to improve the level of safety of citizens by raising their awareness of the risks of fires in housing facilities by designing and using appropriate educational programs and campaigns.  Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2019-04-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/2 10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.1.5 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; 81-91 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/2/160 Copyright (c) 2019 Vladimir M. Cvetkovic (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Preparing International Joint Project: use of Japanese flood hazard map in Bangladesh Fujita, Kumiko Shaw, Rajib Flood Hazard map, Technology transfer, Social background, Japan, Bangladesh Both Japan and Bangladesh suffer from floods, and variety of measures have been developed in each country. In addition to the structural measures such as embank-ment, non-structural measures such as flood hazard map and warning system have been developed and used for evacuation effectively in Japan. However, flood hazard map is not a common measure in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, different measures such as raising/elevating their houses with plinth, placing sand bags on the riverbank and migration are common. The major reason of this difference isbecause of the different flood phenomena. For example, the flood phenomena in Japan is more destructive in short term compared to the flood in Bangladesh because of the difference of the topography. In Japan, the river velocity is fast because of the steep river bed, therefore, even one hit is possible to destroy buildings and deprive of people’s lives sometimes. However, flood in Bangladesh is not able to destroy buildings and deprive of people’s lives in short term. Long inundation period such as a few months makes people impossible to secure food by farming and deprive of human lives by starvation. Thus, understanding the different flood phenomena is the base of starting project. However, many researchers and mem-bers in international joint projects start without noticing the different phenomena and perception toward river and flood. In addition, understanding the background of each country is also needed, since the technology for flood disaster risk reduction have been developed under the social condition of each country. Since the flood in Japan is destructive in short term, Japanese are afraid of flood, thus flood disaster risk reduction has been considerable interest for government and local people. Government has been developing measures and legislation, and local people are cooperative to the government. However, Bangladeshi are not afraid of flood itself, the flood-conveyed fertile soil is even welcome by farmers. They pay attention to the duration of flood, since it is related to the available duration of farming and securing food. Thus, government and local people in Bangladesh did not choose the way of controlling the river flow by structural measures like Japan. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2019-04-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/3 10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.1.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; 62-80 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/3/161 Copyright (c) 2019 Kumiko Fujita, Rajib Shaw (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.localhost:article/4 2026-07-28T11:20:21Z Vol1:ART driver

Natural Disasters in Turkey: Social and Economic Perspective Öcal, Adem disaster; earthquake; social impact; flood; hazard; natural disaster; Turkey Turkey is located in one of the most significant active seismic regions in the world. The country also is subject to many other natural disasters, that’s why, natural disasters have been seen in Turkey forever. These events have caused physical destruction to the death of more than 100.000 people and to the wounding of a lot, and shacked the country’s economy in the last century. Disasters sources from geological, meteorological,biological and technological sources, however, the results and effects of disasters involve of interest to social sciences. In developing the social perspective on disasters, the main factor is that disasters are effective on human communities. The development of individual, state and international cooperation mechanisms in combating disasters is a necessity. In this study, it was aimed to review the sociological, economical and psychological effects of the disasters, and to call attention to social scientist on the effects of disasters in Turkey. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2019-03-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/4 10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.1.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; 51-61 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/4/162 Copyright (c) 2019 Adem Öcal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Governmental Incentivization for SMEs’ Engagement in Disaster Resilience in Southeast Asia Mavrodieva, Aleksandrina V. Budiarti, Dyah S. Yu, Zhou Pasha, Federico A. Shaw, Rajib Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), Private Business, Disaster Response, Disaster Preparedness and Resilience, Government Incentives, Southeast Asia, Business Continuity The resilience of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is regarded as a precondition of sustainable development both at the local and the national levels, as they are the providers of the main portion of jobs in the market, contributing an average between 57 to 97% of national employment in the ASEAN countries. At the same time, SMEs are the most vulnerable businesses as a result of financial, technological, and administrative limitations, where the majority of SMEs lack even basic knowledge on disaster preparedness and response techniques. The current study argues that governments have a particularly important role in mobilizing SMEs disaster resilience through developing adequate policies and legislation, and through providing the necessary infrastructure and investment climate for SMEs to thrive, focusing particularly on Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand. The research tries to present the current level of SME involvement in each of the three countries and to identify relevant gaps and opportunities. This paper does not include an extensive list of recommendations but tries to focus on some of the basic techniques which governments can and should employ in their efforts towards economic and community resilience, arguing that a number of appropriate incentives would be beneficial in engaging SMEs as one of the vital parts of private sector. structured abstracts: 1) Introduction; 2) Methods; 3) Results; 4) Conclusions and implication. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2019-04-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/5 10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.1.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; 32-50 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/5/163 Copyright (c) 2019 Aleksandrina V. Mavrodieva, Dyah S. Budiarti, Zhou Yu, Federico A. Pasha, Rajib Shaw (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Examining Stakeholder Participation in Social Stability Risk Assessment for Mega Projects using Network Analysis Guo, Xuesong Kapucu, Naim stakeholder participation; social stability risk assessment; affiliation networks; network analysis. The paper examines stakeholder participation of social stability risk assessment for mega projects in China from a network perspective, with participatory decision-making in a political system discussed. From this analysis, we developed and tested hypotheses on stakeholder participation in social stability risk assessment. Using data obtained through content analysis, we established network on each compulsory procedure in social stability risk assessment to test the hypotheses. Additional impactful factors were discussed using singular value decomposition method in the study. We also provided practical implications and suggestions for policy and practice in the article. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2019-03-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/6 10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.1.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; 1-31 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/6/159 Copyright (c) 2019 Xuesong Guo, Naim Kapucu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.localhost:article/7 2026-07-28T11:20:21Z Vol1:ART driver

Demographic, socio-economic and phycological perspective of risk perception from disasters caused by floods: case study Belgrade Perić, Jovana Cvetković, Vladimir M. risk perception natural disaster floods prevention Taking into account that floods are a very common occurrence in the Republic of Serbia, as well as the fact that they directly endanger the life and health of people, their property and the environment, it is necessary to see into how an individual perceives the risk of a natural disaster caused by a flood. In accordance with what is mentioned earlier, the research on which this paper is based was conducted in the area of several Belgrade municipalities - Palilula, Zemun, New Belgrade, Old Town, Savski venac, Grocka and Čukarica, with a sample of 120 respondents and with the aim of examining the perception of risk among the citizens of Belgrade. The results of the research show that there is a correlation between demographic (gender, age and education), socio-economic (property ownership and income levels) and psychological (fear and previous experience) factors with risk perception. Based on the results of the research and the knowledge gained, recommendations can be made that the competent authorities, institutions and organizations will be able to use in their educational activities, all with the aim of improving the perception of risk in the population. In this way, conditions are created for the implementation of preventive activities that can significantly reduce the consequences of natural disasters. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2019-12-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/7 10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.2.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2019): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 31-45 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/7/166 Copyright (c) 2019 Jovana Perić, Vladimir M. Cvetković (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Disaster Governance and Community Resilience: The Law and the Role of SDMAs Goyal, Natasha Kerala State Disaster Management Authority Community Resilience Kerala floods Vulnerability Disaster Governance Disasters have become more profound in intensity and frequent in occurrence due to climate change. The unpredictable and devastating consequences of rising global temperature has raised the alarm bells for ‘rapid and far-reaching’ transitions in land, energy and urban governance. The recent devastation due to floods in Kerala in August 2018, has brought disaster governance to the mainstream in government accountability. Despite high performance on Human Development Indicators and social infrastructure, the failure of the state government in ensuring adequate preparedness and mitigation through capacity building has pushed back the development of the state by decades. Trust deficit in the face of administrative negligence and executive callousness hindered the translation of scientific information into understandable warnings for first line responders. The havoc was significantly man made as the local administration failed to regulate blatant violations of Coastal Zone regulations even after repeated warnings from Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel report. The focus of state policy on human development has ignored the crucial aspect of ensuring active citizen participation in the development process. This has resulted in citizens becoming passive recipients of state entitlements, rather than active agents in a democracy. This paper is a critical view on disaster policies in India, which continue to ignore the decentralized institutions as crucial institutions in disaster management. The laudable role of fishermen in rescue and relief in the aftermath of Kerala floods clearly emphasizes that communities can no longer be ignored in the framework of disaster cycle. In a country which witnesses ubiquitous ‘regime of noncompliance’ to building bye laws, coastal zone regulations, land use plans and other safety laws, decentralized disaster management can help in building community resilience and ensuring accountability and transparency of government institutions. The argument gets underscored in a scenario where institutions of Disaster Management continue to focus on post disaster relief and rehabilitation, due to lack of enforcement powers of disaster management institutions Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2019-12-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/9 10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.2.5 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2019): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 61-75 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/9/164 Copyright (c) 2019 Natasha Goyal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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School-Community Collaboration: Disaster Preparedness towards Building Resilient Communities Rico, Gian Carla S. The impact of disasters could not be undermined as the occurrence of which threatens national and international security at a great height. Disasters do not only disrupt daily activities but also take toll on the livelihood of individuals causing bigger implications on social and societal conditions, economic activities and progress as well as emotional and psychological impact on individuals. Being ranked as the third country in the world with high exposure to hazards, the Philippines tries to maximize resources and agents that could help in creating disaster risk reduction approaches and practices that are proactive rather than reactive. The collaboration between schools -the source of relevant knowledge and behavior formation ground, and the communities- the source of identity of individuals and groups, is seen as an effective way of promoting resilience among people. This study looks into the roles of schools and communities in reducing the risks disasters as well as how their collaboration creates linkages between and among stakeholders. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2019-08-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/10 10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.2.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2019): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 45-61 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/10/165 Copyright (c) 2019 Gian Carla S. Rico (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Understanding the barriers restraining effective operation of flood early warning systems Sukhwani, Vibhas Gyamfi, Bismark Adu Zhang, Ruiyi AlHinai, Anwaar Mohammed Shaw, Rajib Flood disasters Structural measures Non-structural measures Early Warning Systems Effective operation Over the years, a variety of structural and non-structural measures have been employed by the human societies to counter the growing frequency and intensity of natural disasters. Among the various measures, Early Warning Systems (EWSs) have globally been acknowledged as one of the key non-structural measures for disaster mitigation and preparedness, especially due to their multi-faceted benefits. However, their effective operation during rapid-onset disasters like floods is often disrupted pertaining to a variety of reasons. These manifold reasons have today become critical barriers which restrain the smooth functioning of EWSs. This paper theorizes that the numerous barriers restraining the effective operation of EWSs can primarily be categorized into Knowledge, Technology and Institutional aspects. To support this argument, the study presents an overview of three selected examples of flood disasters in Cameron Highlands (Malaysia), North Kyushu (Japan) and Sri Lanka. Based on published literature, the study lists out key reasons that affected the timely functioning of Flood-EWSs in all the selected cases and explains them in relation to the three theorized categories of barriers. In view of the current limited understanding, this study provides a new perspective for understanding the barriers in EWSs and correspondingly enhancing their operation during disaster situations. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2019-08-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/11 10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.2.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2019): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 1-19 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/11/168 Copyright (c) 2019 Vibhas Sukhwani, Bismark Adu Gyamfi, Ruiyi Zhang, Anwaar Mohammed AlHinai, Rajib Shaw (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.localhost:article/12 2026-07-28T11:20:21Z Vol1:ART driver

Earthquake preparedness: A Social Media Fit perspective to accessing and disseminating earthquake information Mano, Rita M. Kirshcenbaum, A. Rapaport, C. The field of risk communications encompasses the bulk of the scientific literature on preparedness by focusing on various means and measures used by at-risk populations, to receive, access and utilize information that acts as both a warning and a cue for disaster preparation. As noted, one area where sound scientific evidence is lacking is that of SM and its impact on disaster behaviors, particularly with respect to earthquakes, and on how information through this media can be used to facilitate preparedness behaviors. Building on a pool of Israeli research evidence on earthquakes that includes thorough analysis of past studies on risk communications and earthquake behaviors across the globe, we introduce the “social media fir”  model that considers a multi-level conceptualization of the use of social media for earthquake preparedness. We consider the extent that individual-level use of SM on the one hand (Kirshcenbaum, 2017; Mano 2014b; Mano 2014c) and institutional-level use on the other (Mano, 2014a) shape earthquake awareness and preparedness. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2019-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/12 10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.2.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2019): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 19-31 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/12/167 Copyright (c) 2019 Rita M. Mano, A. Kirshcenbaum, C. Rapaport (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Private security preparedness for disasters caused by natural and anthropogenic hazards Cvetkovic, Vladimir M. Janković, Bojan disaster preparedness private security natural and anthropogenic hazards Serbia The subject of the research is to examine the private security preparedness for disasters caused by natural and anthropogenic hazards. In addition, the relationship between preparedness levels and various demographic and socio-economic factors is examined. The survey was anonymous with 4-point Likert scale questions (1- I absolutely disagree; 4- I absolutely agree). It was conducted at the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies in Belgrade, during the initial course for obtaining a private security license and the course for combating domestic violence were attended by members of the police from all over Serbia. Data for the study were collected from a total of 178 members of private security. The research was conducted from April to June 2019. Within the first part of the questionnaire, there were questions concerning demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents (gender, age, education, marital status, working experience, served military status), while the second part contained questions about the p the private security preparedness for disasters caused by natural and anthropogenic hazards (e.g perception of the degree of responsibility due to the type of work performed in case of natural and anthropogenic disasters, perception of the level of preparedness of a private insurance company, knowledge of safety procedures for disaster response, evaluation of the response efficiency of first responders, etc.). The results of the multivariate regressions of preparedness subscale showed that variables (e.g., gender, age, education, marital status) were not significantly affected by preparedness. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2020-09-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/13 10.18485/ijdrm.2020.2.1.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 23-33 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/13/170 Copyright (c) 2020 Vladimir M. Cvetkovic, Bojan Janković (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Disasters and exemplified vulnerabilities in a cramped Public Health Infrastructure in India Kaur, Baljeet Disasters vulnerabilities public health infrastructure India The varied connotations to the term ‘Development’ are been channeled through perception. The perception of a political stakeholder differs from that of a rich-businessman, and again, from those who are lesser endowed. There is a pressing need for the government, to identify and maintain checks and balances between exploitative and responsive governance.  The extension of the healthcare sector is an integral part of this holistic growth, while the customer base has largely financed the industry; the obligation on the hand of government needs to increase. The out of pocket spending by patients covers the finances of the sector by 64.2%. (NSSO, 2014 report). The lesser amount of government spending in the healthcare system is a drawback and has effects on the Industry in a negative frame in a large manner, only 28.6% of Total Health Expenditure is financed by Govt. of India and therefore, calls for the need for better financing mechanisms in the country in the form of insurance schemes and a smoother flow of the already existing policies and frameworks. In the debate of private v/s public hospitals, the paper presents reasons that create a barrier on effective utilization of benefits provided, and further constructs the viewpoint that though expensive, private healthcare services provide more assurance to the population in general. The over-crowding of these public institutions in times of epidemics or otherwise, is a self-indication of the dearth of infrastructure and the kind of impacts the interventions has had in terms of alleviating such grievances. The several debates that I have tried to analyze and interpret include those of the intersections the individuals of the country and the lawmakers have crossed in terms of developmental projects and whether these promises hold true in terms of concrete reality. The depth of understanding and entering these discussions is only a gateway to more pertinent questions of whether the present infrastructure has dwindled due to disasters in the past? Are we actually moving to building resiliency or is it just a mock-up present on paper only? The paper reflects qualitatively on several government reports on health and the state of the hospitals presented within various contexts of Disasters in the past. The analysis of the National Rural Health Mission, National Urban Health Mission and various others programs initiated by the Government of India and the scope that it has to remove the present day struggled faced by an over-crowded and pressurized public sector healthcare structure. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2020-09-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/14 10.18485/ijdrm.2020.2.1.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 15-22 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/14/171 Copyright (c) 2020 Baljeet Kaur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Probabilistic rainfall thresholds for shallow landslides initiation – A case study from The Nilgiris district, Western Ghats, India Thennavan, Edison Ganapathy, Ganapathy Pattukandan S., Chandrasekaran Rajawat, Ajay Landslide rainfall threshold probability western ghats the nilgiris Rainfall is one of the major causes of landslides/landslips across the globe. The fatalities and damage caused by rainfall induced landslides increased in recent days. The Nilgiris district in Western Ghats part of Tamil Nadu state is one of the very high to severe landslide hazard-prone areas of India.  The present study is focused on estimation of rainfall thresholds and the temporal probability of landslides in different landslide-prone slopes in part of The Nilgiris district. The landslide prone areas identified in earlier research are used for the present study.  The landslide locations data for the years 1824 to 2018 were collected and a spatial database on landslide inventory was created. A detailed inventory carried out on the 2009 landslides were analysed and used for the calculation of rainfall thresholds. Monthly and Yearly Rainfall data for the years 2000 to 2011 were collected for 37 rainguage stations from various government agencies. Based on the quality and quantity of data, the rainfall thresholds for 14 different locations were estimated viz., Aderly, Coonoor, Coonoor Railway, Governor Sola, Ooty (Near Botanical Garden), Runnymedu, Burliar where the probability of landslide occurrences is high.  The temporal probability of landslide was calculated for four years viz., 1, 3, 5 and 10 years. The present study can be used as a key to develop an early warning system in The Nilgiris District. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2020-09-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/15 10.18485/ijdrm.2020.2.1.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 1-14 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/15/172 Copyright (c) 2020 Edison Thennavan, Ganapathy Pattukandan Ganapathy, Chandrasekaran S., Ajay Rajawat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Environmental Planning for Disaster Risk Reduction at Kaduna International Airport, Kaduna Nigeria Hussaini, Abdullahi Environmental Planning Disaster Risk Reduction Airport ICAO FAAN The compatibility of an airport with its environs can be achieved by proper environmental control and planning of the airport, control of pollution-generating sources, and land use planning of the area surrounding the airport are paramount if disasters are to be averted or reduced to the acceptable standard. This study was carried out to assess the compliance to standards of the activities relating to environmental control and planning at Kaduna International Airport as contained in International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and other Airport regulations Guidelines. The objectives including assessing the environmental impact associated with aviation activities, assessing environmental consequence and control measures and assessing land use planning at the Airport. The Airport Environmental Management Handbook, Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) Hand book, ICAO Documents, Maps and other relevant information were consulted. Questionnaires were distributed and percentage distribution was used in analyzing the objectives. Results from this study has shown an acceptable level of compliance in Environmental Planning by the relevant authority of Kaduna International Airport. The results from this study will be useful to FAAN, ICAO and other relevant Agencies in enhancing Environmental Control and Planning at Airports for Disaster Risk Reduction. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2020-09-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/16 10.18485/ijdrm.2020.2.1.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 35-49 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/16/169 Copyright (c) 2020 Abdullahi Hussaini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Innovative solutions for flood risk management Cvetkovic, Vladimir M. Martinović, Jovana disasters floods risk management innovative solutions review DAREnet Starting from the importance of innovative solutions for improving the needs of different practitioners as flood risk managers, the purpose of this review was to describe and analyze, evaluates, and prioritizes the various available different innovative solutions that have sufficient potential to be useful and used by practitioners. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the DAREnet knowledge base (an integral feature of the DAREnet online community platform) which identified critical challenges for flood management and the relevant field or source of innovation, as well as the current scientific literature in the field of disaster studies. A fourth stage selection procedure identified candidate original or review papers and evaluated the degree to which papers met predetermined requirements for inclusion extracted from prior systematic reviews. Included in the study were over 100 studies that met the requirements for predetermined inclusion. The findings of this review showed that there is a huge untapped potential for innovative solutions in the field of prevention, preparedness, civil protection, communication, cooperation, etc. The findings of this review contribute to a growing body of knowledge regarding innovative solutions for flood risk management useful for practitioners. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/17 10.18485/ijdrm.2020.2.2.5 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 71-100 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/17/173 Copyright (c) 2021 Vladimir M. Cvetkovic, Jovana Martinović (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Indicator based assessment of integrated flood vulnerability index for Brunei Darussalam Jha, Dilip Kumar Bhattacharyya, Rajib Kumar Shyam, Shariar Ratnayke, Udita Rohana vulnerability index indicators assessment map Since the beginning of human civilization, the flood is always connected with extensive destruction of properties and loss of lives. The intensity of flood-related disasters is increasing day by day due to the rapid increase in development activities, changes in land-use land-cover, population growth, unplanned urbanization, and above all, the driving force resulting from climate change and climate variability. Therefore, researchers are paying increased attention to floods with particular focus on flood vulnerability. The present study is a pioneer attempt on indicator-based flood vulnerability assessment for Brunei Darussalam. In this study, an integrated approach towards vulnerability assessment has been proposed, considering hydrological, environmental, social, and economic aspects of different districts of Brunei Darussalam. Indicators are generated and incorporated to visualize the vulnerability map of the country. The findings of the study can be used to identify the vulnerability status of different regions in Brunei, used to reduce the vulnerability and also to minimize disaster risk by allocating more resources for vulnerable districts. The results of the study will also be helpful in deriving better disaster management strategies for the country. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/18 10.18485/ijdrm.2020.2.2.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 47-70 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/18/174 Copyright (c) 2021 Dilip Kumar Jha, Rajib Kumar Bhattacharyya, Shariar Shyam, Udita Rohana Ratnayke (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Water crisis and adaptation strategies by tribal community: A case study in Baghaichari Upazila of Rangamati District in Bangladesh Chakma, Uttam Bikash Hossain, Akhter Islam, Kamrul Hasnat, G.N. Tanjina Kabir, Md. Humayain Tribal Chittagong Hill Tracts water crisis adaptation strategies deforestation Water crisis under changing climate is one of the major environmental challenges in Bangladesh. Tribal communities of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) have been suffering from water scarcity since long. This study aimed to identify the available water sources, extent of water scarcity and traditional adaptation practices to cope with water scarcity in hilly area of Bangladesh. This study was conducted by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire in 6 villages of three union of Bagaichari upazila which were selected through stratified random sampling method. The main sources of water for drinking, domestic use and irrigation were river, streams, dam over streams (Godha), very small stream (Thagalok), well dug on hill bottom (Shillaw hoo), springs, big dug well, tube-well, ring-well, river, and pond. In every year December-April is the dry and water crisis period. To overcome the severity, people built small dams (Godha) to raise water level and use in irrigation and domestic purposes. For drinking water maximum 42% people dependent on shilaw hoo. For domestic purposes 38% households dependent on streams and 65% dependent on Ghoda for irrigation water. Tribal people of the study area have to walk a long hours to collect water from sources located about 1-2.5 kilometers away from the settlement with earthen or plastic buckets sized 10 to 15 litters. Water crisis was found in severe condition since last 5-10 years. Before that water was available in hilly region. Maximum people (89%) reported deforestation as the main reason of water crisis. This study suggests both government and non-governmental professionals to foster local communities’ adaptation capacity against the water scarcity in Bagaichari upazila. This study will play a vital role to take relevant adaptation policies both by the policy makers and practitioners. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/19 10.18485/ijdrm.2020.2.2.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 37-46 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/19/175 Copyright (c) 2021 Uttam Bikash Chakma, Akhter Hossain, Kamrul Islam, G.N. Tanjina Hasnat, Md. Humayain Kabir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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The Role of Al-Shifa Medical Complex Administration in Evacuation & Sheltering Planning Al-ramlawi, Ahmed H. El-Mougher, Mohammed M. Al-Agha, Mohammad R. evacuation, sheltering, planning, Al-Shifa Medical Complex, administration, the Gaza strip, Palestine. The study aimed to Highlight the role of Al-Shifa Medical Complex administration in evacuation and Sheltering Planning, due to the suffering of the Gaza Strip from repeated attacks by the Israeli occupation, and the escalation of such attacks over the past ten years. The researcher used the content analysis method and Descriptive approach to try to collect all the appropriate data for this topic. The researcher relied on several tools: observation (field visits), personal interviews with stakeholders, risk analysis of the Al-Shifa Medical Complex. The results showed that Quick response in implementing evacuation mechanisms is a critical element in the success of the plan and saving the lives, and showed that planning for evacuations and sheltering is among the priorities of Al-Shifa Complex Administration and the General Administration of Hospitals and that Al-Shifa Complex Administration had prepared a comprehensive evacuation plan and it is developed annually. However, the study found that no maneuver was conducted that simulate activation of the plan for all the working staff in the complex, due to several reasons, and also showed that risk analysis contributes to enhancing preparedness for crisis and disasters, and improving response level to any risk that may occur in future. The study recommends the necessity of forming an internal emergency committee specialized in crisis, disasters, and emergency management and activating it permanently to enhance preparedness level, implementing maneuvers that simulate the evacuation, sheltering, and isolation of major hospitals by standard and modern methods, Developing and strengthening of working staff capabilities in emergency and evacuation management. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/20 10.18485/ijdrm.2020.2.2.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 19-36 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/20/176 Copyright (c) 2021 Ahmed H. Al-ramlawi, Mohammed M. El-Mougher, Mohammad R. Al-Agha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Determinants of Residents' Participation in Disaster Risk Management in Lagos Metropolis Nigeria Olawuni, Peter Olowoporoku, Oluwaseun Daramola, Oluwole hazards vulnerability disaster disaster risk management residents Lagos metropolis This study examined the determinants of residents’ participation in Disaster Risk Management in Lagos, Metropolis, Nigeria. The metropolis was stratified into two clusters (island and mainland areas). Two political wards were randomly selected in each of the six LGAs identified in the two clusters. A total of 5019 buildings were identified in the study area. Using systematic sampling technique, every 10th residential building was sampled in the selected wards upon which questionnaire was administered. The study established a variation in socioeconomic attributes of residents as well as awareness of disaster types across the two clusters; it also found out that while majority of the residents were aware of DRM, very few proportions had DRM training. The result of the study also revealed that age, monthly income, length of residence and educational status can explain residents’ level of participation in DRM. Using regression analysis, the study found out that age, educational status and length of stay with Beta values (.130), (-0.112) and (-0.105) respectively were the determinants of peoples’ participation in DRM. It recommends that environmentally concerned stakeholders should invest in DRM in areas of awareness and training of residents, establishment, funding and equipment of DRM agencies. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/21 10.18485/ijdrm.2020.2.2.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 1-18 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/21/177 Copyright (c) 2021 Peter Olawuni, Oluwaseun Olowoporoku, Oluwole Daramola (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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The role of the police in disasters caused by pandemic infectious diseases Janković, Bojan police disaster pandemic COVID-19 So far, the police have played and are playing a very important role in the fight against pandemics in the current situation. Recent events have indicated the need to pay as much attention to the role of the police in emergencies caused by pandemics (epidemics) of infectious diseases, because it is noticeable that, in the previous period, either in practice or in scientific circles, not enough attention was paid to this segment of police work. The author's wish was to provide an answer to the question whether and in what way the police coped with the natural disaster caused by the pandemic of the infectious disease COVID-19. The answer would be that the police did not cope during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides guidelines that would help police organizations cope with possible future natural disasters caused by a pandemic of infectious diseases in a better way. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-07-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article DD application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/22 10.18485/ijdrm.2021.3.1.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 41-50 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/22/178 Copyright (c) 2021 Bojan Janković (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Disaster management in Turkey: a spatial approach eng Ocal, Adem spatial approach disaster disaster management earthquake Turkey Disasters cause losses on people and residential areas, cause interruption of normal life and decision-making mechanism, collapse communication and communication even for a short time, and damage infrastructure and superstructure investments. In the traditional disaster management design, the regulations created by the legislation and rules issued are directed to each unit in the country at the same time. Administrative authorities must coordinate the emergency recovery process as a requirement of these protocols. In modern disaster management approaches, disasters are associated with spatially; the distribution, severity, type, and population affected by disasters are all considered. Starting with the spatial distribution of such disasters in Turkey, disaster management can be structured from space to center. The Turkish disaster management mechanism has issued recommendations as a consequence of this study. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/23 10.18485/ijdrm.2021.3.1.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 15-22 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/23/180 Copyright (c) 2021 Adem Ocal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Indicators of Risk Assessment and Management in Infrastructure Projects in Palestine El-Mougher, Mohammed Mohammed Mahfuth, Kamal indicators assessment infrastructure projects Palestine This study aims to identify the risks which face the work environment in infrastructure projects in order to reduce them and protect human and material resources also it aims to identify indicators used in the assessment, management, and prevention of risks in infrastructure projects.  Therefore, the study had adopted the analytical descriptive approach, which describes the phenomenon and analyses action taken and adopted in risk management and risk management approach. In infrastructure projects, there's a lack of clear application models in the governmental institutions to implement a national approach for risk management, in addition to the poor knowledge related to risk management sciences. Consequently, the study recommended adapting a comprehensive program to qualify society and companies in the field of risk management and protection and following the national risk management approach in infrastructure projects. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article "text" application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/24 10.18485/ijdrm.2021.3.1.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 23-40 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/24/179 Copyright (c) 2021 Mohammed Mohammed El-Mougher, Kamal Mahfuth (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Flood Vulnerability Assessment by Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) Method: A Study on Sirajganj Sadar Upazila Aktar, Mst. Airen Shohani, Kanij Hasan, Md. Nazmul Hasan, Md. Kamrul Vulnerability; Flood Vulnerability Index; Exposure; Susceptibility; Resilience Flood is one of the most common and extreme hazards in Bangladesh because of its geographical location. Sirajganj is a district with the highest flood propensity in Bangladesh. The study aims to evaluate the vulnerability in the ten Unions of Sirajganj Sadar upazila to the flood hazard. Different forms of vulnerability evaluation approaches differ in their method. The Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) method has been implemented in this research to determine flood vulnerability in order to classify which areas of the study are the most vulnerable to flooding. For the study of flood vulnerability, three indicators (i.e. exposure, sensitivity and resilience, etc) are selected in four dimensions (social, financial, environmental and physical). The FVI calculation determines the flood vulnerability index scores for each union. Following the analysis of FVI, in Sirajganj Sadar Upazila Mechhra union is marked as being highly vulnerable. Since this union is very poor in adaptability, coping capacity and resilience; exposure and susceptibility are greater. The other syndicates are highly exposed to floods. Finally, the zoning map for flood risk was developed on the basis of vulnerability index ratings. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Interactive application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/25 10.18485/ijdrm.2021.3.1.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 1-14 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/25/181 Copyright (c) 2021 Mst. Airen Aktar, Kanij Shohani, Md. Nazmul Hasan, Md. Kamrul Hasan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Pharmacy response to natural disasters Adamović, Miljan Milojević, Stefan Nikolovski, Srđan Knežević, Snežana pharmacy natural disasters emergency response Pharmacy institutions are one of the key elements in modern healthcare systems throughout the world. Pharmacies can be a part of the public healthcare system at primary, or secondary and tertiary levels. Also, pharmacies can be founded as a private institution, having the same roles and amount of responsibility compared to public ones. The aim of this paper was to examine the role of pharmacies in emergency and catastrophic events. The crucial role of pharmacies is especially emphasized in emergency and catastrophic events when the majority of other healthcare institutions are mobilized in providing more important healthcare activities and services. In those instances, pharmacies represent a primary connection between the patients and community in general and the healthcare system. Proper fulfillment of necessary requirements for registration of pharmacy institutions is essential for its successful operation, but continuous education of pharmacy staff plays an equally important role. The most recent events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are one additional evidence confirming that pharmacy institutions are an irreplaceable link in the healthcare system chain continuously serving as a first-line connection with all individuals in a community. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/26 10.18485/ijdrm.2021.3.2.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 25-30 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/26/182 Copyright (c) 2021 Miljan Adamović, Stefan Milojević, Srđan Nikolovski, Snežana Knežević (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Building resilience through local and international partnerships, Nigeria experiences Dukiya, Jehoshaphat Jaiye Benjamine, Oghenah COVID-19 Coronavirus DRR Disaster Diplomacy Disaster Resilience Foreign Aids Disaster vulnerability Global pandemic Inclusive policy International coalitio Political Synergy Sub-Sahara countries Current human development pathways tend to increase disaster impacts, and many disaster impacts are likely to increase due to anthropogenic activities that catalyse epidemiological virus mutation impact series, global warming, and climate change. No specific federal agency is exclusively responsible for disaster management as all the required scientific skills and fiscal resources are not in situ. It is also a fact that global pandemic like COVID-19 has local implications, and that local management of the disease has international implications, as revealed in this study. The study actually examined Nigeria’s experience in building national resilience through local and international coalition amidst disaster diplomacy among strong nations. The study also assessed the country’s National Emergency Management Agency’s programmes and other international donor agencies like UNDP, EU and NGOs’ pilot projects surveys.  It is revealed that the idea of the global village is fully exemplified as COVID-19 impacts is every one’s business and that Nigeria, as a major beacon in Sub-Sahara countries, is a laboratory for disaster diplomacy testing in understanding how donor competition shapes recipients’ policy and support. Therefore, a symbiosis relationship among nations and agencies is recommended to enhance the DRR issue. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/27 10.18485/ijdrm.2021.3.2.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 11-24 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/27/183 Copyright (c) 2021 Jehoshaphat Jaiye Dukiya, Oghenah Benjamine (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Methodology for Building Automated Systems for Monitoring Engineering (Load-Bearing) Structures, and Natural Hazards to Ensure Comprehensive Safety of Buildings and Constructions Sergey, Kachanov automated monitoring systems safety of buildings and constructions assessment of technical condition of facility load-bearing structures emergencies The load-bearing structures of buildings and constructions (further on referred to as ‘facilities’) are subject to wear-caused loss of operability. The exploitation of facilities with damaged construction elements may lead to emergencies, which are likely to cause loss of life. The article describes a methodology for automated monitoring of engineering (load-bearing) structures and natural hazards to ensure the comprehensive safety of buildings and constructions. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/28 10.18485/ijdrm.2021.3.2.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 1-10 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/28/184 Copyright (c) 2021 Kachanov Sergey (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Methodology for the risk monitoring of geological hazards for buildings and structures Sergey, Kachanov Gennadiy, Nigmetov dynami geophysical monitoring safety of buildings and structures geological hazards In this article, technology for monitoring geological hazards is proposed to reduce the risk of the collapse of buildings and structures. The example considered in the article shows that the reduction of the landslide hazard of the soil massif on the slope can be achieved by: equipping drainage and storm systems that ensure the effective removal of groundwater; monitoring the state of the soil massif for the timely determination of dynamic and geophysical parameters and the exclusion of the occurrence of resonant phenomena from dynamic impacts; complex monitoring of the "soil-construction" system. Thus, the proposed technology of integrated soil-structure monitoring can provide timely warning of the geological hazard risk and thereby reduce the likelihood of destruction of buildings and structures by taking appropriate measures. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-06-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/29 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.1.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 41-49 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/29/187 Copyright (c) 2022 Kachanov Sergey, Nigmetov Gennadiy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Impact of 2016-2017 drought on household livestock assets and food security: the case of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in Borana zone, southern Ethiopia Shibru, Mulugeta Operea, Alfred Omondi, Philip Gichaba, Maina drought impact livestock assets Borana disaster risk management policy SDGs Drought has been one of the climate-related disasters affected livestock production and livelihoods of the pastoralists and agro-pastoalists in Borana zone, Ethiopia resulting in heavy economic losses. The damage and losses incurred due to droughts in Borana have not been systematically collected. This research contributed in addressing the observed gap by systematically collecting and analyzing livestock asset losses due to the 2016-2017 major drought and its food security implications. Livestock holding statistics (before and after drought) and mortalities by species among others were collected from 529 sample households using mobile data collection methods. The sample households endured losses of half of its cattle (55%), a quarter of small ruminants (23%) and twenty percent of camels (19%) due to widespread drought induced mortalities in 2016-2017. In financial terms, sample households has sustained economic losses equivalent of 2,951USD on average. These losses translated to a total financial loss about 300 million USD for study area. The total cost of the drought would have been much higher had the cost of humanitarian aid be included in the financial analysis. The immediate and residual impacts of recurrent drought on livestock and other important livelihood assets contributed to the prevailing food security outcomes.  The empirical evidence from this study clearly demonstrate the socio economic impact of drought. The anticipated increase of climate related disaster events will further exacerbate existing food insecurity, encourage maladaptation and deter from achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 (end hunger) unless addressed in an integrated way locally. Further analysis of the efforts and challenges of mainstreaming drought risk management in pastoral areas within a broader framework of the disaster risk management policy of Ethiopia is one of the recommendations to effectively implement the policy. This study has also uniquely estimated losses based on a representative household sample survey and laid the foundation for future losses and damage studies in the pastoral areas. However, it is important to take into consideration the “indirect”’ cost of the drought-related humanitarian and livelihood assistance to “accurately” reflect the monetary value and advocate policy action. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-06-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/30 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.1.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 49-69 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/30/186 Copyright (c) 2022 Mulugeta Shibru, Alfred Operea, Philip Omondi, Maina Gichaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Earthquake risk perception in Belgrade: implications for disaster risk management Cvetković, Vladimir M. Planić, Jelena disasters, earthquake, risk perception, management, preparedness Difficulties in the disaster management process are caused by many factors such as the complexity and fast-spreading harmful effects of hazards, lack of timely and accurate information, difficulty in making key decisions, inability to assess the situation in a short time, complexity of managing necessary resources, etc. For these reasons, effective disaster response is conditioned by the availability of a variety of data stored in numerous international and national databases that can be used in real time. In addition, decision makers are forced to use a variety of information systems and tools that allow them to make quick and accurate calculations in order to make appropriate decisions in a particular situation. Guided by this, the authors, using the method of content analysis and literature review, identify, analyze and comprehensively systematize and describe the significant characteristics of such databases and information systems. The aim of this paper is the scientific description of information and logistics systems and databases that are important for disaster management. The scientific significance of the paper is reflected in the systematization of scientific knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of using information systems and databases on disasters. In contrast, the social implications of the paper are reflected in informing competent services about the existence and possibilities of using information systems and databases in specific cases of disaster management. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/31 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.1.5 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 69-88 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/31/185 Copyright (c) 2022 Vladimir M. Cvetković, Jelena Planić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Flood Research in Bangladesh and Future Direction: an insight from last three decades Hossen, Md. Nazmul Nawaz, Shahpara Kabir, Md. Humayain Flood risk, Bangladesh, systematic review, adaptation, impact assessment Flooding is a critical concern that causes substantial economic damages and social issues for different regions of Bangladesh in every year. Approximately one-third of the country's total area is highly vulnerable to floods, and people's sufferings from the flooding are beyond description. Despite the magnitude and extent of floods, a comprehensive study on flood research in Bangladesh is inadequate. Therefore, this study analyses research articles published on floods, and their implications in Bangladesh over the last three decades. We used a systematic literature review to precisely understand the trend and pattern of published flood research in Bangladesh by summarizing, categorizing, and visualizing the existing research articles. This review revealed that research on integrated flood adaptation and management, effective flood modeling, and reliable forecasting is considerably less emphasized than studying the causes and impacts of the flood. In order to detect changes in flood causes and impacts over time and establish links between physical exposure, risk experience, and socio-demographic data in research to develop integrated flood management mechanisms, it is possible to operationalize systematic study in a specific location for an extended period. We also found that a considerable increase in interest in doing flood research following the year 2000, as the country experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of floods across the country. Based on the findings of this study, we suggested an agenda for future flood research in Bangladesh.   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/32 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.1.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 15-41 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/32/188 Copyright (c) 2022 Md. Nazmul Hossen, Shahpara Nawaz, Md. Humayain Kabir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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International experiences in sheltering the Syrian refugees in Germany and Turkey El-Mougher, Mohammed Mohammed Jarour, Maysaa sheltering Syrian refugees Germany Turkey international experiences  About  6.8m Syrian people are displaced and living around the world. The hosted countries had to provide help and assistance to those people who targeted these countries in order to find a safe and secure place. This research is significant to know the Germany and Turkey experience in their response to the Syrian refugee crisis. Consequently, a qualitative approach has been used based on content analysis and literature review. The researchers used different sources, such as reports of UNHCR, aid agencies, as well as the reports of news agencies. The researchers concluded that the Syrian refugees in Germany and Turkey have experienced some difficulties in the main topics of the research including registration, education, health and shelter services in both countries. In light of the study results and the review of the previous studies, the researchers recommend to pay more attention to the Syrian refugees in Germany and Turkey by promoting the provided services.  Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/33 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.1.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 1-15 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/33/189 Copyright (c) 2022 Mohammed Mohammed El-Mougher, Maysaa Jarour (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Disaster Risk Reduction Management Implementation in the Public Elementary Schools of the Department of Education, Philippines Domingo Dela Cruz, Ronie Ormilla, Rashid Ceazar Galanto Disaster Risk Reduction Management, disaster planning awareness, learners’ curriculum, implementation, hazards This study evaluates the implementation of the Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) program in terms of disaster planning awareness and preparedness to respond during hazards to prevent disasters in public elementary schools in the Alfonso Lista District, Schools Division of Ifugao. A total of thirty-six (36) public elementary school heads and school disaster risk reduction management (SDRRM) coordinators served as respondents. The survey questionnaires patterned from the DepEd-DRRM Manual were utilized in the study. The weighted mean and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used as statistical tools. The findings of the study show that the district implemented safe learning facilities and environments; formed and managed a school-based DRRM; and that the DRRM program was integrated into the curriculum for the benefit of the pupils, personnel, parents, and stakeholders visiting the schools. It reveals that the people involved in implementing the DRRM program are fully prepared for the readiness of the school facilities while the disaster preparedness activities are still improving. The school personnel are aware of and do understand the DRRM program and activities. Furthermore, the extent of disaster preparedness of the elementary schools is significantly associated with the level of their DRRM implementation in terms of safe learning facilities and environment, school risk reduction management, and DRRM integration into learners’ curricula. Moreover, the implementation of DRRM in the public elementary schools of the district is directly and significantly associated with the level of awareness and understanding of the involved personnel. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-12-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Author application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/34 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.2.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 1-15 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/34/195 Copyright (c) 2022 Ronie Domingo Dela Cruz, Rashid Ceazar Galanto Ormilla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Existing Buildings by Rapid Visual Screening Method: A Study on Ward 27 in Dhaka South City Corporation Podder, Moly Hasan, Md. Kamrul Islam, Md. Jahidul Keywords: Earthquake; Seismic Vulnerability; Rapid Visual Screening; Dhaka City. With the rapid growth of urbanization, the possibility of hazard has increased. Owing to high population concentrations and economic activities, the likelihood of hazards in urban areas is more nuanced than in rural areas. Vulnerability assessment of hazards has been a hot topic in the field of Engineering and Urban and Regional Planning. Due to the complicated hazard characteristics, not only engineering but planning approaches are required in order to effectively mitigate hazards.In recent years, the rapid growth of Dhaka cities has accelerated the pressure on existing buildings, and there is a need to establish adequate seismic safety screening methods for existing buildings specific to building typologies. Dhaka City is in danger of an earthquake and several incidents have occurred. In most situations, the lack of appropriate precautionary steps, administrative inefficiency, inadequate funds for equipment and lack of public knowledge make the situation worse. Ward 27, an old part of Dhaka City, was chosen for seismic vulnerability assessment in this survey. For seismic vulnerability assessment, a sample of 300 buildings was evaluated using Rapid visual screening (RVS) process by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The rapid visual screening process is the initial stage in the assessment of existing buildings. The survey focuses on earthquake issues such as building type, size and shape of the plot, specific distances from surrounding structures, road width and basic building information.The use of Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) in the field of research allows screened buildings to be divided into two categories: those that are expected to have sufficient seismic efficiency and those that could be seismically unsafe and that should be further studied.  Keywords: Earthquake; Seismic Vulnerability; Rapid Visual Screening; Dhaka City. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-12-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/35 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.2.5 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 77-91 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/35/191 Copyright (c) 2022 Moly Podder, Md. Kamrul Hasan, Md. Jahidul Islam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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The Complacency of Flood Victims, Socio Economic Factors, and Effects and Vulnerabilities of Floods in Lower Kano Plains, Kisumu County, Kenya Odero, Naomi Auma Mahiri, Ishmail Community Vulnerability; Complacency; Differential Vulnerability; Flood Risk; Flood Effects The behavior and thinking of disaster victims should be analyzed and understood even as experts continue to deescalate the destructive effects of such occurrences. Why people choose to live and reside in ecologically fragile environments like flood plains or steep slopes prone to mudslides or avalanches is a complex phenomenon that social scientists need to demystify. This study was conducted in the Nyando sub-catchment, Kano Plains in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study’s objectives were to understand the reason for complacency of flood victims and to determine the effects and vulnerability of flood events in Kano Plains. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the three flood prone areas in Kano, namely, Nyando, Miwani and Lower Nyakach as study sites. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 households for the survey while Purposive sampling was used to select the key informants. Methods of data collection were; questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs) and desk reviews. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the questionnaires, and the qualitative data from key informants was analyzed using content analysis method. FGDs recordings were transcribed and analyzed thematically using NVIVO software. The main research findings were that socio economic factors such us household income, household size and culture plays an important role in determining the choice of site to reside, thus the complacency, and that loss of farmland (17.98%), houses and property (69.66%) were considered the most serious effects of floods. The study therefore concludes that socio economic determinants such as household income, household size and type of housing have a significant role in determining household vulnerability to floods. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-12-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/36 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.2.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 59-77 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/36/192 Copyright (c) 2022 Naomi Auma Odero, Ishmail Mahiri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Remote Sensing and GIS Assessment of Domestic Fuel Energy Supply: A Threat to Global DRR Crusade in South-western Nigeria Dukiya, Jaiye Jehoshaphat Adelete, Banji Charcoal, DRR, GIS, Fuel wood, Land Cover, Poverty Nigeria is crowned the giant of Africa is acclaimed to have one of the world's highest economic growth rates, averaging 7.4% by the World Bank report, yet over 80 million people (42.4%) are currently living below the poverty line. Instead of eradicating poverty by the year 2030 according to the UN SDG in Nigeria, about 7 people are entering poverty every minute. The average kerosene price per litre in Nigeria is ₦284.03 and the price of cooking gas per 25kg is ₦4000. Charcoal and fuel wood, therefore, becomes the only alternative domestic power source. In fact, Nigeria currently ranks second to Brazil in the production of charcoal and currently exports 380,000 metric tonnes of charcoal annually. This study uses secondary data and remote sensing GIS to analyse the trends of poverty, charcoal and fuel wood production in the country and the loss of vegetal cover in the western region of the country. The result reveals that there is a positive correlation between poverty, fuel wood, charcoal and loss of vegetal cover, and this implies that Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) programmes must be intertwine with poverty reduction. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-12-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Climate change and Charcoal production application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/37 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.2.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 45-59 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/37/193 Copyright (c) 2022 Jaiye Jehoshaphat Dukiya, Banji Adelete (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Level of coordination between the humanitarian and governmental organizations in Gaza Strip and its impact on the humanitarian interventions to the Internally Displaced People (IDPs) following May escalation 2021 AbuRamadan, Alaa I. R. El-Mougher, Mohammed Mohammed Keywords: Coordination, Gaza Strip, Humanitarian Interventions, IDPs, May escalation Abstract In Gaza Strip, where emergencies always occur leading to devastating humanitarian consequences, both the governmental and the humanitarian non-governmental need to work together to serve the affected communities. This study aimed at identifying the level of coordination that exists between the humanitarian organizations and its impact on the humanitarian interventions provided in response to the IDPs of May escalation 2021. To achieve its objectives, the study used the descriptive analytical approach where interviews were conducted with relevant stakeholders. The study mainly found that the coordination is an essential component of the humanitarian and governmental organizations’ work that positively impact the efficiency of their interventions and that both humanitarian and governmental organization coordinate and partner with each other and with relevant stakeholders including governmental and non-governmental organizations and it also found that the level of coordination in response to May escalation of hostilities reached 80 per cent however more improvements are required for effective interventions and response. The study recommended humanitarian organizations to accelerate their response to the emergency status and make use of their resources available as quickly as possible to avoid causing negative impact and that the IDPs working group under the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group to be activated to improve the response to IDPs and to improve the coordination and collaboration between the governmental and humanitarian organizations to the greatest extent possible for further effective response. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-12-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article http://dublincore.orgusageguide/2001-04-12/generic/ application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/38 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.2.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 15-45 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/38/194 Copyright (c) 2022 Alaa I. R. AbuRamadan, Mohammed Mohammed El-Mougher (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Resilience to natural disasters: A case study on southwestern region of coastal Bangladesh Kabir, Md. Humayain Hossain, Tanvir Haque, Md. Wahidul Natural disasters, Resilience, Coastal areas, Bangladesh Bangladesh is one the disaster-prone countries in the world and has been suffering from different negative impacts. However, over the years, the coastal communities have developed their resilience capacity. This research assessed the local peoples’ resilience against natural disasters at Kazirchar village in Muladi Upazila of Barishal district of the coastal region. In this study, an extensive literature review on disaster resilience, well-structured questionnaire survey, and focus group discussions were conducted to collect primary data. Most of the indicators like show low values for socioeconomic resilience. The index value of literacy rate (1.12), primary health care facility (1.25), food consumption (1.30) and income (1.30) showed low disaster resilience. The result from the survey area implies a low level of institutional resilience (1.75). The reason behind low institutional resilience was weak disaster management activities. The index value of training (1.42), school/college (1.92), public awareness programme (2.14), and coordination (1) showed medium to very low of disaster resilience index. Results also showed that the villagers have low physical resilience. From the survey, Electricity supply (1.08), dependency on rainfall (1.08), cyclone and flood warning system (2.10), water bodies (1.56) and housing pattern (2.94) were the physical indicators of this village showed medium to low disaster resilience index. The overall disaster resilience ranges from 1 to 2.94. Depending on the score, disaster resilience level is divided into five categories from high (3>2.5), medium (2.5>2), low (2>1.5) to very low (1.5>1.0). Based on the resilience index the overall disaster resilience of Kazirchar village is low because of its low socio- economic (1.67), institutional (1.75) and physical (1.68) resilience values. The findings of this study will help to take necessary actions for building a more disaster resilient coastal Bangladesh. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2022-12-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/39 10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.2.6 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 91-105 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/39/190 Copyright (c) 2022 Md. Humayain Kabir, Tanvir Hossain, Md. Wahidul Haque (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Dima Hasao, Assam (India) landslides’ 2022: A lesson learnt Baruh, Santanu Dey, Chandan Dutta, Nandita Phukan, Manoj Kumar Dima Hasao Landslides Resilience Neo-Determinism NE India Community awareness During the monsoon season of 2022, the Dima Hasao district of Assam faced a series of landslides across multiple locations, resulting in significant damage to property and newly developed communication infrastructure. These landslides were caused by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. The region being host to one of the world’s wettest monsoon belts and under tremendous tectonic stress with sedimentary geological formation is highly susceptible to landslides. In addition to these natural factors, the construction of communication infrastructure and roadways may have contributed to destabilizing the slopes and increasing the risk of landslides. Excavation activities for the expansion of highways and the conversion of railway tracks to broad-gauge may have altered the natural slope dynamics, exacerbating the severity of the landslides. This paper explores the causes and consequences of the landslides from an environmental determinism and possibilism perspective. It argues for the optimization of the neo-determinism fine line by identifying remedial countermeasures to prevent or minimize the impact of future landslides in the area. Effective communication and collaboration among the government, non-governmental organizations, community leaders, and the public are essential for reducing the risk of natural disasters and promoting sustainable development in landslide-prone regions. The identified countermeasures have practical implications for disaster management and planning in similar regions globally. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-06-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Landslides application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/40 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.1.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 1-13 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/40/38 Copyright (c) 2023 Santanu Baruh, Chandan Dey, Nandita Dutta, Manoj Kumar Phukan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Risk Management of Gas Stations that Urban Expansion Crept into in the Gaza Strip. El-Mougher, Mohammed Mohammed Abu Sharekh, Dr. Sabah A. M. Abu Ali, Mr. Ramzy F. Zuhud, Dr. Eng. Ayed A. M. Keywords: LPG Stations, Facility Correction, Risk Management, Chemical Analysis, Urbanization. The study aimed to understand and analyze the risks of indiscriminate urbanization around gas stations, the mechanisms for mitigating risks that affect buildings, and the most important risks affecting the surrounding area. The study followed a descriptive and analytical approach using chemical analysis software (ALOHA) to achieve the study objectives. The study found various risks and problems that threaten the community’s safety and security in the Gaza Strip, and the presence of multiple factors that affect the safety system, especially the isolation of tanks that are exposed to the risk of ignition or explosion. It also concluded that the radius of the leakage, ignition, or explosion risks varies depending on the tank size, weather conditions, and the surrounding building density. The study recommended to narrow the gap between science and practical application in the field of safety and security, and also to work on correcting the conditions of gas stations to cohere with the protection of the internal front from accidents and risks of hazardous, flammable, or explosive chemicals. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-06-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article This research was created by researchers and is authentic research that has not been published in any journal and we are the owners of intellectual property application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/41 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.1.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 13-27 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/41/39 Copyright (c) 2023 Mohammed Mohammed El-Mougher, Dr. Sabah A. M. Abu Sharekh, Mr. Ramzy F. Abu Ali, Dr. Eng. Ayed A. M. Zuhud (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Flood policy in Algeria Tout, Faicel Flood Risk, disaster Management, legislation, prevention, regulation, Algeria Through this research, we try to identify the policy of prevention and management of disasters related to the risk of flooding in Algeria, especially by knowing the degree of integration and interest of the State in this risk, and by examining the completeness of legislation and regulation, their complementarity or not, their realistic effects, and the extent of effective control over the phenomenon, and from there, the research focused on various legislation related to land use, insurance, institutional organization, legislation on water evacuation, dam safety, construction techniques for protection, infrastructure, public hygiene, environmental protection, organization of emergency response, first aid, warning systems, information methods, control and maintenance, attempts to raise awareness and rehabilitation. And the construction laws and the knowledge of their real weight. The research has shown late interest in this aspect, as it has clarified some of the problems that prevent finding practical ways to protect cities, such as the lack of plans indicating areas at risk of flooding, the lack of real programming of these plans, the lack of control of irregular urban expansion, the lack of separation and detail in the general guidelines for cities and rural areas in the field, and the lack of control of the tasks assigned to the  Local authorities in this aspect in the legal texts, especially with regard to the municipality, the absence of private institutions for insurance for this type of risk and the absence of specialized teams for disaster relief. The research also indicates some means that allow better protection of the risk, such as the possibility of relying on historical plans as a temporary and conditional measure for areas that have been exposed to floods in order to pass the prevention policy on the ground and try to exploit remote sensing techniques and develop modelling methods to achieve real predictions and simulations of areas at risk. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-06-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/42 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.1.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 27-39 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/42/40 Copyright (c) 2023 Faicel Tout (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Students’ perception of police readiness to respond to disasters caused by a COVID-19 pandemic Janković, Bojan Sakač, Aleksandar Iričanin, Igor students, perception, police, disaster, pandemic, COVID-19 The COVID-19 pandemic has pointed out the need to examine the role of the police in emergencies caused by various infectious diseases as much as possible. The aim of the study is to determine the perception of students of the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, who are studying to become police officers, about the actions of the police in confronting the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e. the readiness of police officers to respond in the current as well as in the future pandemics. The research used a modified survey questionnaire from the previous research. The survey was anonymous. All respondents voluntarily agreed to participate in the research conducted from May to June 2022. The research data were collected from 105 students of the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies. According to the respondents, the police officers did well in the new circumstances given the lack of protective equipment and insufficient training for such situations. It was assessed that the police are one of the key entities in opposing the COVID-19 pandemic. Research findings can help police organizations plan their work during infectious disease pandemics. Above all, in the planning of the procurement of protective equipment, in education of future police officers by introducing new topics in training related to the work of the police in infectious disease pandemics, such as improving communication with citizens, and its implementation in online format. The findings of the study can be an incentive to other researchers as a basis for further research in the field of police work in emergencies because there are few of them in the scientific literature, and those related to police work in a pandemic are almost non-existent. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-06-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/43 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.1.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 39-51 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/43/199 Copyright (c) 2023 Bojan Janković, Aleksandar Sakač, Igor Iričanin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Religion Influence on Disaster Risk Reduction: A case study of Serbia Cvetković, Vladimir M. Romanić, Saša Beriša, Hatidža disasters influence risk reduction religion Serbia Human perception of nature and God have always been inextricably linked. In order to understand nature and its inherent processes, including various natural hazards, the reasons for their origin were often attributed to God's will, suffering for sin and the similar. Fear of material and human losses prompted a man to pray and offer sacrifices/gifts and other rituals to appease the "wrath of the gods". The progress of civilization and technology has not alleviated the destruction and trauma that natural disasters inflict on all aspects of social life. A major obstacle to this is the exponential population growth in vulnerable areas. The frequency of natural disasters and the fatalistic attitudes that limit the effective fight against them have motivated religious communities and individuals to cooperate with international and international organizations and institutions to reduce the risk of local disasters. Believers thus receive the necessary psychological and financial assistance and support from religious communities during all phases of disaster management. Therefore, the subject of this paper is a comprehensive examination relationship between the degree of religiosity of the population and how this connection impacts the policy of reducing disaster risk. The aim of the research is to scientifically describe the nature of the relationship between the degree of religiosity of citizens and different segments of disaster risk reduction. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-06-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/44 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.1.6 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 66-81 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/44/197 Copyright (c) 2023 Vladimir M. Cvetković, Saša Romanić, Hatidža Beriša (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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The Challenges of Women in Post-disaster Health Management: A Study in Khulna District Akter, Rajani Roy, Tuhin Aktar, Rina Post disaster, health, challenges, problems, women etc. Health management in post-disaster phase needs more attention than any other phase because this includes mitigation and recovery which is challenging for people especially women. Women play an active traditional gender roles in family with a lot of responsibilities; in post-disaster period they faced more challenges in management of health. Quantitative methods were used to assess the challenges of women in post-disaster health management, this study was carried out on Dacope Upazila (North Kamarkhola village) of Khulna District. Following simple random sampling procedure by using interview schedule, 199 participants were selected from 412 population. Both descriptive as well as inferential statistics were applied in this study, statistical tests such as Pearson’s chi-square, correlation and regression had been done to test the hypotheses. Findings show that socioeconomic position like employment status of women (p<0.024), types of houses (p<0.000), monthly income (p<0.001), monthly savings (p<0.001), monthly household income (p<0.000) and household savings (p<0.019) occupation (p<0.019) and head of the household had (p<0.058) a significant relationship with the challenges of women in post-disaster health management. Monthly income and physical health problem were also correlated with the challenges. In OLS regression test it was found that health (physical and mental) and family size had great positive impact on challenges of women. The study also found that, women of North Kamarkhola village were unable to get medical facilities and maintain proper menstrual hygiene immediately after disaster. Violence against women was also a little bit increased in post-disaster period which generated challenges. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-06-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Not applicable application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/45 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.1.5 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 51-66 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/45/198 Copyright (c) 2023 Rajani Akter, Tuhin Roy, Rina Aktar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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The Factors responsible for urban flooding in Karachi (A case study of DHA) Iftikhar, Ayesha Iqbal, Jawed Urban flooding; DHA; GIS; Drainage networks; land encroachment Flood has become an immense phenomenon in Pakistan. On August 2020 DHA Karachi was badly affected by urban flooding. This study discusses that poorly maintained drainage networks are the factors that caused urban flooding in DHA. This study aims to discover the factor that led to the urban flooding in DHA and what damages are caused. Methodology greatly includes questionnaires. GIS has been used for carrying out mapping of DHA surface drainage networks. The data collected from the questionnaires showed that poor drainage network was the main cause of urban flooding in DHA and phase 6 was mostly damaged as a lot of land encroachment has been done in this phase. Streets were mostly damaged as stagnant water caused crackers in them thus causing power outrage and difficulty in evacuation.  This study may provide a guideline to disaster planning, management, and development authorities. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-06-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article content application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/46 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.1.7 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 81-103 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/46/196 Copyright (c) 2023 Ayesha Iftikhar, Jawed Iqbal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.localhost:article/47 2026-07-28T11:20:19Z Vol1:ART driver

Hazard risk evaluation of COVID-19: A case study Ulal, Subhadip Saha, Sucharita Gupta, Srimanta Karmakar, Dipti COVID-19 Kerala Geo-environmental factor C19RA model AHP C19HZ C19VZ Rainfall Forest The present research deals with an in-depth analysis of COVID-19 risk in the state of Kerala using the integrated approach of the hazard and vulnerability in a GIS platform. Considering the probable causative factors of this disease, several geo-environmental indicators are analyzed through various statistical and geospatial techniques. Lorenz curve indicates an uneven distribution of COVID-19 instances in Kerala. Hazard analysis is formulated based on the proximity to hotspots and LULC followed by vulnerability analysis using an integrated analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Risk analysis reveals that COVID-19 infection poses a very serious threat to around 2.39% of Kerala's total land area, with high, medium and low risks of 38, 44 and 14% respectively. The outcomes of this research will be a first-hand tool for policymakers to safeguard the population in high-risk potential zones from the future spread of infectious disease. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Type= "text" application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/47 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.2.6 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 81-101 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/47/158 Copyright (c) 2023 Subhadip Ulal, Sucharita Saha, Srimanta Gupta, Dipti Karmakar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.localhost:article/48 2026-07-28T11:20:19Z Vol1:ART driver

A Predictive Model of Community Disaster Resilience based on Social Identity Influences (MODERSI) Cvetković, Vladimir M. disaster community resilience social identity predictive model factors The territory of Serbia is vulnerable to various types of natural and man-made disasters. The risk is not equal across the entire territory, depending on the type of hazard and the expected potential for damage. So far, the level of community disaster resilience has not been determined in Serbia. There are no scientific preconditions for its improvement to reduce the future material and intangible consequences of disasters. Regarding that, the project’s main objective is to develop and validate a predictive model of community disaster resilience based on social identity influences through an investigation impact of social identity indicators on the level of community disaster resilience in Serbia. The project is based on the upcoming research on whether the level of community disaster resilience can be predicted based on social identity indicators, how social identity indicators affect different dimensions of community disaster resilience, and how disasters shape social identity. The project is based on multimethod research in which quantitative (face-to-face interviews in 40 of the 191 municipalities), and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) research methodology will be applied. A developed predictive model with an index of community disaster resilience in Serbia will empower the creation of preconditions for designing public policies, strategies and procedures for improving resilience and reducing the consequences of disasters on people and their property and enhancing citizens’ security. The project will encourage the prediction of community disaster resilience based on social identity indicators, improving disaster foresight and preparing to limit disaster losses. Based on the development of analytical frameworks for understanding community disaster resilience and social identity in disasters, essential preconditions for designing innovative information systems will be created to enable local communities to increase their level of resilience. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/48 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.2.5 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 57-80 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/48/157 Copyright (c) 2023 Vladimir M. Cvetković (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Anticipated Role of Bangladesh Police in Disaster Management Based on the Contribution of Bangladesh Police during the Pandemic COVID 19 Islam, Fatema Bangladesh Police, Disaster management, Covid 19, pandemic, pre-disaster, post-disaster. This article explores the contribution of Bangladesh Police as a first responder in the pandemic COVID-19 in recent years. Bangladesh police played a vital role in maintaining law and order situation during prolonged lockdown, building awareness among mass people, ensuring safe transportation and mobility, and assisting people on humanitarian grounds. The article also identifies the anticipated potential responsibility of Bangladesh police in pre-disaster planning and post-disaster response based on the experience gathered during the pandemic. Bangladesh police faces some challenges regarding participating in disaster management task actively, such as limited resources, want of communication channel among various government and non-government agencies, and limited preparedness. The article found that during any kind of disaster, Bangladesh Police can enhance their service to the citizens through effective planning, training, utilizing modern technology, and willingness.  Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/49 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.2.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 45-56 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/49/156 Copyright (c) 2023 Fatema Islam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Water Crisis in the Rangamati Hill District of Bangladesh: A Case Study on Indigenous Community Chakma, Swarnali Water Crisis Climate Change Adaptation Indigenous community Chittagong Hill Tracts The ethnic communities are the most underprivileged and exposed areas in Bangladesh's Chittagong hill tracts. Since the last decade, these areas have been facing severe challenges from climate change, such as drought leading to water scarcity, prolonged rainfall triggering landslides, dry-up of watersheds due to lack of rain, soil erosion, etc. This research aims to identify the key indicators of the causes and consequences of the water crisis caused by climate change and traditional water scarcity adoption practices in terms of sustainable upland water management. However, semi-structured and Key Informant Interviews were conducted following open-ended questionnaires in the Rangamati district. The study found that the locals in this region have few pure drinking water sources and often rely on nearby springs and lakes. It has also been discovered that rising deforestation is drying up the waterways. About 44% of the community states that deforestation is the main reason for the water crisis. According to the community, the situation gets worse during the dry season. The study results also show that women face difficulties because they are more likely to collect water for their family members and carry out their daily activities. Future studies should examine various mitigation strategies that are feasible for implementation locally, with a focus on expanding forest cover and afforestation, which could raise the groundwater level and improve the availability of water in the mountainous region. Finally, the findings can assist policymakers, practitioners, and the government in developing policies to benefit this community soon. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Contributor application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/50 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.2.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 29-44 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/50/155 Copyright (c) 2023 Swarnali Chakma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Raised Under Bad Stars: Negotiating a culture of disaster preparedness Starosta, Daniel culture storytelling folklore climate adaptation indigenous knowledge informal infrastructure contextual engineering In efforts to prevent, respond to, and recover from disasters, what alternatives are available to top-down strategies for imposing expert knowledge on lay publics? How is the context of communities’ socio-ecological context understood in the development of programs and policy on their behalf? What can be learned from community narratives and cultural practices to inform disaster risk reduction? The ways communities have regarded disasters and natural hazards in the cultural sphere can provide a lens to inform the understanding of their ability to withstand shocks and the factors that led to such conditions. Only by tracing the complexities of creating, transmitting, and preserving a culture of preparedness among disaster-vulnerable communities can we claim to be working towards policy that is informed by their own experience.  I collected examples of how different communities perceive, prevent, and respond to disaster through art, music, and literature and analyzed how these were embedded into local narratives and how historical context influenced such approaches. My findings show that communities use cultural practices to contextualize experiences of hazards into their collective narrative; that is, storytelling and commemoration make disasters comprehensible. By framing disasters as an anthropological inquiry, practitioners can better recognize the influence of a place’s nuance in the disaster management canon–guided by these details, not despite them.  Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/51 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.2.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 1-16 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/51/153 Copyright (c) 2023 Daniel Starosta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Social capitals and earthquake: A Study of different districts of Tehran, Iran Zareian, Maryam Social capital Tehran earthquake Iran Earthquakes occur suddenly and cause much physical and socioeconomic damage, especially in less developed countries. Many studies and strategies related to earthquake management in Iran emphasize the physical-based infrastructure, such as National Building Regulations or planning to renovate existing buildings. However, the relevance of social factors has been widely neglected. Addressing this gap, the present paper argues that social capital can play a vital role in different stages of natural disasters, such as preparedness, response, and recovery. Focusing on Tehran, that due to urban decay and geological fault lines is highly earthquake-prone, this study used secondary analysis to examine the data obtained from large cross-sectional studies conducted by Tehran Municipality in 2010 on social capital survey in Tehran and 2017 on quality of life in Tehran The present study is descriptive-analytical and applied research. Univariate analysis including measures of central tendency and dispersion was used to achieve the objectives of this research. The analyzed data show that four urban districts in Tehran (3, 21, 13, 4) have low bonding social capital, while the others have moderate bonding social capital. Moreover, four districts (9, 16, 19, 12) have very low bridging social capital, and the rest of the 22 districts have low bridging social capital. Demonstrating the relevance of social capital for preparing and supporting vulnerable communities during natural disasters, this study suggests social policies that would increase social cohesion, enhance generalized trust and strengthen social networks.  Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/52 10.18485/ijdrm.2023.5.2.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 17-28 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/52/154 Copyright (c) 2023 Maryam Zareian (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Psychological Preparedness of the Rescuers and Volunteers: A Case Study of 2023 Türkiye Earthquake Marceta, Žarko Jurišic, Dragiša rescuers volunteers psychological preparedness earthquake Türkiye When disaster strikes, first responders must be not only operationally and logistically but also psychologically prepared. Psychological preparation for a potential adverse event can have a critical impact on the success of responses, and recovery efforts. The aim of this paper is to analyze the psychological preparedness of rescuers and volunteers from Bosnia and Herzegovina who were assigned to the mission of minimizing the consequences of the earthquake in the Republic of Türkiye in February 2023. As a module in the training of the organizations that engaged them, the existence of psychosocial assistance provided to rescuers and volunteers (psychological first aid) in the circumstances of natural disasters was analyzed. The psychological readiness of the rescuers sent from Bosnia and Herzegovina to perform the assigned tasks, their status and condition during the mission were analyzed. The research was conducted in the period March – June 2023 using an anonymous questionnaire with combined questions. The results of this research determined that the majority of respondents believe that training aimed at protecting mental health and preventing the harmful effects of stressful situations in their work organization does not meet the challenges they encountered during the rescue mission in the Republic of Türkiye in February 2023. The results of this research highlight the need to find practical solutions - the inclusion of psychosocial assistance activities. It is therefore vital that psychological preparedness be included in emergency response plans. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Type="text" application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/61 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.1.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 27-40 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/61/150 Copyright (c) 2024 Žarko Marceta, Dragiša Jurišic (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Use of New Technologies in the Field of Protection and Rescue During Disasters Jovičić, Radislav Gostimirović, Ladin Milašinović, Srđan modern technologies natural disasters artificial intelligence sensors NICS Nowadays, dealing with natural disasters is becoming more and more challenging due to climate changes that lead to more frequent and intense natural disasters. Traditional protection and rescue methods are often not sufficient to meet all the challenges posed by these disasters. Therefore, the integration of new technologies becomes crucial for more effective risk management. Research of various aspects use of modern technologies in prevention, detection, response and restoration, in the context of natural disasters, it is necessary to focus on innovative approaches. By using artificial intelligence (AI), drones, sensor technologies, advanced communication systems, and the NICS system (Next-Generation Incident Command System), the goals of protecting civilian populations, reducing damage and improving the efficiency of rescue operations are achieved. Since 2016, the ARCECP Project (Advanced Regional Civil Emergency Coordination Pilot Project) has enabled the partner countries of the Western Balkans to acquire, implement and adapt the NICS system, in strengthening the capacity of emergency response and management in the region. The NICS system has partially taken root in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), and this paper will mostly refer to the implementation of the application in BiH and recommendations for its development at all levels of the BiH government. Through the analysis of existing case studies and the application of new technologies, the work identifies key success factors, challenges and potential directions for future development in this area. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/62 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.1.8 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 111-122 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/62/152 Copyright (c) 2024 Radislav Jovičić, Ladin Gostimirović, Srđan Milašinović (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Analyzing in Post COVID-19 era: The Effect of Occupational Stress and Work-Life Balance on Employees Performance Sheikh, Umer Sani Occupational stress, Work life balance, Employee’s performance, COVID 19 fear  For any organization, employee has a significant role in the overall performance and development. They have been considered the main asset of the organization. Employee performance has been dependent on various factors and contextual understanding. Drawing on the theory of self-determination, this research study focused on antecedents of employee performance in post COVID-19 context. The motivation behind this research study is to investigate the effects of occupational stress and work-life balance on employee performance in post COVID 19 era. To achieve the aim of the study 208 respondents were approached, who have been serving as middle-tier officers in reputed public sector medical universities and institutions. Statistical techniques (Normality of data, Correlation Analysis, Control Variables, Reliability Analysis and Regression Analysis) are applied to analyze the data through SPSS. The findings of this study depict that occupational stress and work-life balance create negative effects on employee performance in the context of fear of COVID-19. Accordingly, recommendations are provided for the targeted sector and others in general. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text file application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/63 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.1.5 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 75-90 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/63/151 Copyright (c) 2024 Umer Sani Sheikh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Dynamics of Internal Migration in the Southwest Region of Bangladesh Hasan, Md. Kamrul Niger Sultana internal migration priority ranking matrix satisfaction index economic status index social status index Bangladesh is well-known as a developing nation around the world. Migration is common in Bangladesh, particularly within the country. To raise their living conditions (income, housing, education, health, communication, etc.), many people move to new areas. Dacope Upazila is located in the southwestern region of Bangladesh, and this study seeks to examine the factors that contribute to the dynamics of internal migration by assessing the social and economic changes in the living standard of internal migrants following the migration. Both primary and secondary data were analysed statistically. The use of a questionnaire survey has allowed for the collection of primary data. Priority ranking matrix, Satisfaction Index, Economic Status Index (ESI), and Social Status Index (SSI) were computed to analyse the data. Statistical methods were also used to derive demographic information of the migrants. The study found that the majority of migrants were men who were either unemployed or living in poverty. The lack of economic opportunities, the inability to protect one's financial well-being from natural disasters, and the absence of adequate market infrastructure were the primary driving forces of migration. Migratory choices are heavily influenced by economic factors, and a lack of employment opportunities was ranked as the top factor. The Satisfaction Index highlighted the high levels of contentment experienced by internal migrants. Both the ESI and SSI showed greater improvement in the migrants' social and economic standing after migration. One could say that internal migration has a significant effect on the resulting population. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/64 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.1.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 13-26 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/64/149 Copyright (c) 2024 Md. Kamrul Hasan, Niger Sultana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Changes in Lulc and Drainage Network Patterns the Cause of Urban Flooding in Karachi City Iftikhar, Ayesha Iqbal, Jawed urban flood monsoon rainfall Karachi drainage networks land use land cover DEM GIS SRTM Karachi is a strategic city in Pakistan that was once known as a fishing village. An increase in industrialization and urbanization had been seen in the city. Karachi's land use, land cover as well as drainage networks have been changed because of Industrialization and urbanization. Flooding in Karachi because of late summer season monsoon rainfall has resulted in urban flooding. Poor urban planning and management had severely affected both rivers and linked tributaries. This study used secondary data that shows changes in LULC and poorly maintained drainage networks are the factors that caused urban flooding in Karachi. DEM, GIS, and SRTM have been used to mark the boundaries of Karachi and drainage networks on the digitized map. These maps could be utilized for improving the natural drainage networks as well as flood mitigation and preparedness measures. This study may provide a guideline to disaster planning, management, and development authorities. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/65 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.1.6 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 91-102 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/65/64 Copyright (c) 2024 Ayesha Iftikhar, Jawed Iqbal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Management of COVID: The Creeping Disaster in the Indian Scenario Port, Keny J. New Jawahar, Godfrey G.P. COVID-19 creeping disaster management strategies healthcare infrastructure The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an enormous challenge to the Indian healthcare system, leading to a creeping disaster in the country. This research article aims to analyze the management strategies adopted by the Indian government to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and highlight the challenges faced in the Indian scenario. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of various secondary sources, including government reports, scientific literature, and news articles. The findings suggest that the Indian government implemented several measures to manage the COVID-19 pandemic, including nationwide lockdowns, scaling up testing and treatment facilities, and vaccination drives. However, the implementation of these measures was plagued by several challenges, including inadequate healthcare infrastructure, inadequate funding, shortage of medical supplies, and misinformation. The study also highlights the need for a coordinated response from different stakeholders, including the government, healthcare workers, and the general public, to effectively manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the study recommends the need for a robust healthcare infrastructure, investment in research and development, and public awareness campaigns to address the challenges posed by COVID-19. Overall, this research article provides insights into the management of the creeping disaster COVID-19 in the Indian scenario and underscores the need for concerted efforts from all stakeholders to effectively mitigate the impact of the pandemic. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/66 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.1.7 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 103-110 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/66/63 Copyright (c) 2024 Keny J. New Port, Godfrey G.P. Jawahar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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A Systematic Collaboration of Volunteer and Professional Fire Units in Hungary Molnár, András volunteer firefighters collaboration fire safety partnership emergency management policies first responders Volunteer firefighter units provide fire protection and rescue in many countries, while efforts to ensure safety often fall under the competencies of municipalities and local communities. Hungary, a Central European country centralised a large portion of its public services in the past decade, fire safety and rescue became the competence of a centralised professional governmental agency with national coverage. Although policy builds on a central professional organisation, the volunteer firefighting movement gained importance and has grown significantly recently. This paper investigates the collaboration between private volunteer firefighting brigades (local associations) and the central governmental disaster management agency of Hungary. We apply a case study approach to understand how volunteer units are integrated into the professional system. Our research is based on the analysis of policy documents, key informant interviews and Freedom of Information data requests. Findings show that volunteer units contribute to the safety and resilience of local communities in Hungary, but their engagement is not sustainable due to demographic and societal challenges, as well as the policy contradictions identified. The majority of the research on the role of volunteer firefighters covers decentralized countries with subsidiary systems. This current case study provides an addition to the discourse around the involvement of volunteers in fire safety with the evaluation of a collaboration between a centralized professional authority and localized, individual volunteer fire associations. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/67 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.1.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 1-13 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/67/69 Copyright (c) 2024 András Molnár (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Harmonization of Soft Power and Institutional Skills: Montenegro's Path to Accession to the European Union in the Environmental Sector Sudar, Srna Cvetković, Vladimir M. Ivanov, Aleksandar environment; soft power; accession; alignment; harmonization; institutional skills; governance; Montenegro; European Union This research investigates the alignment of soft power and institutional skills in Montenegro's journey towards accession to the European Union (EU), with a particular focus on the environmental sector. An online survey targeting individuals employed in state institutions directly engaged in negotiation processes, notably the Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism and the Agency for Nature and Environmental Protection, was conducted. The research conducted an online survey, distributed before and after the summer recess to accommodate the transition of power following parliamentary elections, aimed at assessing the effectiveness of current personnel and identifying areas for improvement in staffing and negotiation strategies within Montenegro's environmental sector. Employing diverse methodologies, the survey's analysis delved into the demographic, social, and professional backgrounds of respondents. It explored their roles within institutions, involvement in environmental negotiations, and possession of relevant skills and expertise. Furthermore, respondents' knowledge of environmental issues, legislation, and challenges facing the country was assessed to gauge institutional capacity for environmental governance. Demographic data, including gender, age, education and regional origin, were collected to understand gender-specific attitudes and regional disparities in environmental perspectives. The sample of 84 individuals, comprising executives and employees from both institutions, provided insights into the age structure and regional diversity of personnel involved in negotiation tasks for Chapter 27. The selection of the Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism and the Agency for Nature and Environmental Protection reflects their pivotal roles in shaping Montenegro's environmental policies and addressing climate change challenges. This study aims to illuminate the dynamics of environmental governance within Montenegro's state administration, contributing to the country's path towards EU accession. The research findings highlight the critical need for Montenegro to prioritize strategic initiatives in personnel management, skill development, and institutional capacity-building within its environmental sector. The implications of this research extend beyond academia to inform policymaking and societal action, emphasizing the urgency for Montenegro to bolster its environmental sector capabilities, fostering both EU alignment and sustainable governance practices for the benefit of present and future generations. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/68 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.1.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 41-74 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/68/66 Copyright (c) 2024 Srna Sudar, Vladimir M. Cvetković, Aleksandar Ivanov (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Implications of Artificial Intelligence and Cyberspace on Risk Management Capabilities Beriša, Hatidža Cvetković, Vanja Pavić, Aleksandar artificial intelligence autonomy superiority in cyberspace hybrid threats risks management The crisis management system is a key element of a modern, reliable, effective, and sustainable security system. In contemporary settings, management functions are implemented through the capabilities of a command-information system. Consequently, most activities are conducted within cyberspace, meaning that management functions cannot be effectively executed without adequate telecommunications and information technology support. The primary target of hostile cyber activities is precisely the command-information system. Developing an optimal methodology for the use of command-information systems, as well as for prevention and protection against cyber-attacks, is among the most critical tasks for modern defence and security systems. One approach to enhancing risk management is through the application of artificial intelligence (AI). AI should ensure superiority in cyberspace, primarily at the national level, providing the foundation for executing legitimate and lawful cyber activities in a state's defence system. This paper aims to explore the role and significance of artificial intelligence within the realm of cybersecurity by analyzing its implications for risk management in contemporary environments. Command in modern military operations, the nature of modern warfare risks, the protection of command-information systems, the autonomy of artificial intelligence in decision-making, and an understanding of cyber threats are factors through which the challenges of modern command systems can be understood. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/73 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.18 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 279-295 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/73/70 Copyright (c) 2024 Hatidža Beriša, Vanja Cvetković, Aleksandar Pavić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Risk Management: State of Play in North Macedonia Ivanov, Aleksandar risk management reduction crisis disaster North Macedonia This paper explores the state of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster risk management (DRM) in North Macedonia, highlighting their theoretical, normative, and institutional aspects. It examines the complex processes of crisis management, risk management, and DRR systems in the country, focusing on their alignment with international frameworks like the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Key indicators for crisis identification and risk reduction are analyzed, along with the integration of national mechanisms into global and regional disaster risk platforms. The study emphasizes the challenges faced by the DRR system, including inefficiencies, coordination gaps, and resource constraints, and proposes strategic recommendations for improving preparedness, response, and recovery. The findings underscore the critical need for strengthening institutional capacity and enhancing interagency collaboration to build a resilient society capable of addressing the multifaceted risks of natural and anthropogenic disasters. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/74 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.13 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 201-212 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/74/75 Copyright (c) 2024 Aleksandar Ivanov (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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State Aid in Reconstruction of Natural and Other Disasters’ Consequences Using the Budget Funds of the Republic of Serbia Milošević, Goran Cvjetković - Ivetić, Cvjetana Baturan, Luka state aid reconstruction budget natural disasters risks threats public Financial law theory and practice emphasize the need to apply appropriate instruments to ensure the equitable use of collected public revenues, not only to achieve the fiscal interests of the country but also to address society’s non-fiscal needs. However, despite the efforts to regulate state and society, events that arise from natural forces and the effects of natural laws create risks and threats that can significantly disrupt the natural balance and tranquillity of citizens, the economy, and the broader social community. Recognizing these challenges, the Republic of Serbia has established a legal framework to provide state aid for the reconstruction of disaster consequences, aiming to restore and offer assistance to citizens and businesses that have suffered material damage. This paper explores the public's perception of this state aid system and evaluates its effectiveness in addressing disaster impacts. The main objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the state aid system in mitigating the consequences of natural and other disasters and to determine the extent to which the system contributes to the protection of citizens' property and economic stability at both micro and macroeconomic levels. The study focuses on the legal and organizational aspects of state aid in the reconstruction of disaster consequences in Serbia, examining the system's ability to respond effectively to the needs of citizens and businesses affected by natural and other disasters. By applying scientific methods, primarily legal, economic, and security theories, the paper seeks to analyze the public's attitude towards the implementation of the state aid system using budget funds. The research employs a structured questionnaire distributed to 215 respondents across Serbia to gather data. An analysis was conducted to identify relationships between key variables, such as trust in the aid system, perceived effectiveness, and demographic factors like age, education, and income. The findings indicate that a majority of respondents support the implementation of the state aid system and recognize its importance in mitigating disaster impacts. The study also reveals that citizens believe the system contributes to enhancing social stability and the security of both citizens and the economy. However, there are areas identified for improvement, particularly concerning transparency and efficiency in the distribution of aid. The results suggest the need for continuous refinement of the legal framework governing state aid and disaster recovery. Enhancing transparency and public awareness, as well as integrating technological solutions for aid management, could strengthen the effectiveness of the state aid system. Furthermore, engaging local communities in disaster response efforts could enhance the resilience of affected areas and improve the overall disaster recovery process. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/75 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.11 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 169-182 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/75/77 Copyright (c) 2024 Goran Milošević, Cvjetana Cvjetković - Ivetić, Luka Baturan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Industrial Disasters and Hazards: From Causes to Consequences—A Holistic Approach to Resilience Cvetković, Vladimir M. Renner, Renate Jakovljević, Vladimir hazards disasters resilience industrial definition classification consequences human health economic environmental impact causes failures human error lessons Starting from accelerated industrial development, industrial disasters (chemical spills, explosions, nuclear accidents, etc.), which fall under man-made (technological) disasters, increasingly threaten human lives, the environment, and property. Their complexity and far-reaching consequences, both at the local and global levels, require effective management of industrial risks and the disasters themselves (preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery). For these reasons, the review paper aims to provide a holistic description of the diverse causes, dynamics, and multidimensional consequences of disasters. Additionally, it highlights and explains the key factors that directly or indirectly contribute to their occurrence. Furthermore, it could be said that the paper analyzes existing strategies for managing risks from industrial disasters and systematizes recommendations for improving preventive and reactive measures in high-risk industries. On the other side, the paper utilizes a comprehensive literature review, which involves the systematic identification, review, analysis, and critical evaluation of existing scientific papers, studies, reports, and regulatory documents on industrial disasters. Besides that, it also includes a detailed analysis of well-known industrial disaster cases such as Seveso (Italy, 1976), Bhopal (India, 1984), Chernobyl (Ukraine, then USSR, 1986), and Fukushima (Japan, 2011). The paper emphasizes that industrial disasters are often the result of the combined influence and interaction of technical failures, human errors, and inadequately developed safety procedures. Moreover, it can be highlighted that the design and implementation of preventive measures, such as regular maintenance of technical systems and systematic training and education of employees, are crucial for reducing the likelihood of such catastrophic events. The implications of this review paper are multifaceted and point to the following: the need to reassess current safety practices in industries; reconsider the potential for introducing innovations in preventive technical-technological solutions; examine the thorough implementation of innovative early warning systems, safety procedures, and modern equipment in facilities; improve cooperation between engineers, safety managers, and regulatory workers; reassess the need for additional updates and tightening of regulations regarding the storage, transport, and use of hazardous materials in industry; and improve the management of risks from industrial disasters. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/76 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.10 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 149-168 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/76/78 Copyright (c) 2024 Vladimir M. Cvetković, Renate Renner, Vladimir Jakovljević (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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A Systematic Literary Review on Community Resilience Indicators: Adaptation and Application of the BRIC Method for Measuring Disasters Resilience Milenković, Dalibor Cvetković, Vladimir M. Renner, Renate community resilience disaster resilience indicators natural disasters resilience index BRIC DROP Community resilience represents an important concept in the comprehensive approach to disaster management. It is assumed that optimal community resilience can mitigate negative impacts and enable adaptation, thereby reducing the negative consequences of future disasters. The measurement of community resilience to disasters has advanced over the past two decades, primarily through the use of indicators that measure community resilience indices. The Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) represent an increasingly popular and frequently used quantitative method for measuring community resilience indices to disasters. This literature review was conducted to examine and assess the use and adaptation of the BRIC method in measuring community resilience. The review comprehensively analyzes relevant scientific papers, extracting and synthesizing the most important findings from the studies, which provided the necessary data to meet the objectives of the literature review. A total of 37 relevant studies were identified for analysis in the review. The indicators used were examined, including their selection, grouping, and evaluation procedures, as well as the calculation of the appropriate index. The review also covered the method of data collection needed to measure the impact of indicators on resilience, as well as the shortcomings of this process. The measurement of community resilience to disasters is a contemporary issue, with several detected shortcomings in the process itself. The need to adapt the BRIC method to the local context has been established. Improving the process of determining indicators and measuring indices would lead to broader use of the method in efforts to reduce disaster risk and enhance resilience to disasters. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/77 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.6 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 79-104 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/77/82 Copyright (c) 2024 Dalibor Milenković, Vladimir M. Cvetković, Renate Renner (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Business Continuity Planning for the Hazardous Chemical Handling Industry: A New Conceptual Approach A. Kumar, Yudhistra on-site emergency business continuity planning emergency response team management representative management team sustainable business The conceptual approach of handling an on-site emergency and continuity of the business in difficult circumstances has been presented. The framework defines the various teams, which are involved in handling an emergency like an explosion of one of our chemical manufacturing units, which has caused due to the uncontrolled reaction of the 4-Nitro-N-Methyl phthalimide reaction. The firefighting team along with the state emergency rescue team have been involved in controlling the emergency. The various steps which are taken in handling the emergency have been informed to the management team through the management representative. After ascertaining the situation, the management team permits activating the business continuity plan and shifting the men, materials, and machinery to one of the new units located at Atchutapuram, Visakhapatnam, India, to continue the business. There were some delays during the transition stage. After erecting the process equipment, pre-start-up safety reviews have been conducted and resumed production, thus meeting the production goals leading to sustainable business in difficult circumstances.    Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/78 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.4 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 51-60 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/78/84 Copyright (c) 2024 Yudhistra A. Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Understanding Crowd Dynamics and Disaster Risks in Kerala Temple Festivals: Strategies for Effective Management Parameswaran Kunjukrishnan , Rajagopal Krishnakumariamma, Sreekala crowd dymanics crowd-induced disasters temple festivals stampedes public safety Temple festivals in Kerala are vibrant cultural events that draw massive crowds, creating a complex environment where crowd dynamics can pose significant disaster risks. The large number of attendees, combined with limited space and inadequate safety measures, makes these festivals vulnerable to incidents such as stampedes, fires, and structural collapses. Despite the recurrence of crowd-induced disasters, there remains a gap in comprehensive disaster management strategies tailored to these unique events. This paper examines the critical aspects of crowd behaviour during Kerala's temple festivals and the associated disaster risks. It explores past incidents to identify key risk factors and assesses current preparedness and response mechanisms.  This study explored a mixed-methods approach to examine crowd dynamics and disaster risks in Kerala temple festivals. Primary data were collected through field observations and semi-structured interviews with festival organizers, local authorities, and participants. Secondary data included incident reports and archival records of past festivals. The findings were synthesized to propose evidence-based management strategies. The analysis revealed critical risk factors associated with crowd dynamics during Kerala temple festivals, including overcrowding in confined spaces, inadequate evacuation routes, and lack of real-time communication systems. GIS-based spatial mapping highlighted congestion hotspots and high-risk zones. Interviews with stakeholders identified gaps in preparedness and coordination among organizers and emergency services. The proposed management strategies demonstrated the potential to mitigate risks, enhance crowd safety, and ensure efficient emergency response. Effective crowd management at temple festivals requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves spatial analysis, stakeholder collaboration, and robust catastrophe preparedness. The study highlights the significance of conducting preventive risk assessments and dynamic crowd monitoring techniques to avoid disasters. Implementing the proposed measures can considerably improve public safety, serve as a model for comparable cultural events, and help to shape legislation for disaster risk reduction in large crowds. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/79 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.17 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 265-278 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/79/71 Copyright (c) 2024 Rajagopal Parameswaran Kunjukrishnan , Sreekala Krishnakumariamma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Integrating Multi-Source Geospatial Data and AHP for Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Ain Smara, Constantine, Algeria Rebouh, Nouh Tout, Faicel Dinar, Haythem Benzid, Yacine Zouak, Zakaria flood susceptibility geographic information system (GIS) analytical hierarchy process (AHP) google earth engine (GEE) Ain Smara Mapping flood susceptibility is essential for identifying flood-prone areas and informing flood risk management strategies. This study applies a multi-criteria decision-making approach to assess flood vulnerability in Ain Smara and its surrounding areas in Constantine, Algeria, which are highly susceptible to flooding. The analysis combines the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Ten key flood-related criteria were selected, including the Topographic Wetness Index, Elevation, Slope, Precipitation, Land Cover/Land Use, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Distance from Rivers, Distance from Roads, Drainage Density, and Lithology, along with more than 25 sub-criteria. A pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) was used to assign relative importance to each criterion based on its impact on flood susceptibility. The Topographic Wetness Index was identified as the most significant criterion, while Distance from Roads was deemed the least significant. The results reveal that approximately 4.00% of the area is classified as having high to very high flood susceptibility, particularly near the Rhumel River. Roughly 30% of the area has low to very low susceptibility, and the remaining 66% is categorised as moderately susceptible to flooding. Notably, most of the identified flood-prone zones correspond with areas that experienced flooding events in 2019, 2020, and 2021, predominantly within 1,000 meters of river courses. These findings demonstrate the GIS-AHP technique’s effectiveness in generating reliable flood susceptibility maps, especially when numerous criteria are considered. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/80 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.16 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 245-264 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/80/72 Copyright (c) 2024 Nouh Rebouh, Faicel Tout, Haythem Dinar, Yacine Benzid, Zakaria Zouak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Sustainable Recovery: the Link Between Development and Response to Disasters Djordjević, Ivica Gačić, Jasmina Sustainability Vulnerability Resilience Development Recovery This paper examines the critical role of sustainable recovery in strengthening disaster risk resilience through the integration of sustainable development principles into strategic planning and policy frameworks. Sustainable recovery comes as a result of respecting the basic principles of sustainable development when making strategic plans in all areas essential for responding to risk conditions that can lead to disasters. To raise awareness of the importance of sustainability, it is necessary to incorporate this concept into the teaching contents of all educational levels, especially when training personnel for disaster risk prevention and reduction. The aim is to analyze the interconnectedness of sustainability and resilience, focusing on how local knowledge, scientific methods, and strategic planning can mitigate vulnerabilities and enhance community preparedness for disasters. The findings highlight that communities which prioritize sustainable practices and incorporate disaster risk reduction measures into their development strategies demonstrate higher levels of resilience to hazards. Also, the practice has shown that the most resilient communities are those that base their development strategies on respect for local specificities and knowledge of scientific methods derived from previous experiences with numerous risks and their consequences. This study also identifies key factors contributing to vulnerability, emphasizing the importance of education, intersectoral collaboration, and policy reforms in fostering long-term resilience. Vulnerability comes as a result of many factors, the knowledge of which can contribute to raising the level of community resistance to hazards and risks to which the area is exposed. The phenomenon of sustainable development or sustainability as well as sustainable recovery is a major catalyst for change in government policies and legal frameworks, which has dramatically changed the role and behavior of nations. Politics, economy, ecology, geographical characteristics of the area and climatic conditions in combination with personnel potential can be part of the solution, but also the source of the problem. The results underscore the necessity for integrating sustainability principles at all levels of governance to achieve a holistic approach to disaster risk reduction and community resilience. Future research should focus on developing standardized indicators for measuring sustainable recovery and resilience across diverse socio-economic and geographical contexts. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/81 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.15 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 223-244 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/81/73 Copyright (c) 2024 Ivica Djordjević, Jasmina Gačić (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Centres or Units: Making Sense of Decentralisation of Disaster Management in South African Municipalities Mokhele, Mosekama Osia decentralisation disaster management disaster management centres units south African municipalities Disasters can shake institutions and their adaptive strategies temporarily and often in the aftermath of a disaster. Disaster events, such as floods and epidemics, unceasingly demonstrate that disasters provide an avenue for a "litmus test" for institutional effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability. Therefore, this study examines municipalities’ receptivity to their role in an integrated disaster management system. Based on the literature and 25 interviews in three research areas: (1) legislative understanding and legislative implementation, (2) the establishment of disaster management centres as units and (3) relevance of institutional capacity [decision-making powers of the head of centres]. This study established that the disaster management centres are established in various municipalities as units supported by Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002 as amended by Act 16 of 2015. This is very solid legislative support, but practical implementation problems persist, especially concerning coordinating disaster management activities and financial accountability at the municipal level. Whereas the framework has sought to ensure a standardised method of governance, the decentralisation process has ensured disparities in municipalities’ resource base and procedural practices. Deep-rooted power differences and tightly embedded hierarchies can restrict collaboration and slow decision-making. Given these findings, it is recommended that attention be directed at the following areas: i) developing more effective mechanisms for compliance with standardised disaster management guidelines; ii) planning and operationalising policies to ensure equitable resource distribution; and iii) introducing reforms into existing systems to make disaster management structures more transparent and equitable. Furthermore, the head of the centre should be fully delegated with disaster management power and authority as enshrined in Section 44(3) of the Disaster Management Act 2002, as amended in 2015, to strengthen various stakeholders' internal and external collaboration.   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/82 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 19-38 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/82/86 Copyright (c) 2024 Mosekama Osia Mokhele (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management K. Balanggoy, Henderson Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management DRRM Implementation of DRRM four thematic Areas of DRRM Challenges in the Implementation of DRRM The high mortality rates resulting from the disaster have led to significant losses. This study is of utmost importance as it aims to evaluate the implementation of the four thematic areas of disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) in the Secondary Public Schools located in the Province of Benguet Philippines. The study also aims to identify the variations in implementing DRRM across the participating schools and the challenges and training needs related to DRRM. While the findings indicate a high level of implementation for disaster prevention and mitigation, preparedness, recovery, and rehabilitation, disaster response needs improvement in the implementation. DRRM raises various concerns among institutions, such as lack of budget, multiple tasks assigned to the school DRRM coordinator, and insufficient parental support. However, with the right interventions, these challenges can be overcome. Moreover, public school educators must receive training in the field of DRRM, such as basic life support training, first aid training, contingency training, and incident command systems, which presents an opportunity for improvement. As a result, a lack of resources, emergency supplies, communication systems, and effective response mechanisms will not be delivered, and this can turn out to be disastrous to the learners and the teachers. With this, collaboration needs to be established with other government agencies and the private sector. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/83 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.8 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 119-132 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/83/80 Copyright (c) 2024 Henderson K. Balanggoy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Collaborative Gaps: Investigating the Role of Civilian-Religious Authority Disconnection in Psychosocial Support Provision during the 2014 Floods Jurišić, Dragiša Marceta, Zarko collaboration civilian religious authorities psychosocial support disaster management This study examines the collaborative dynamics between civilian and religious authorities in providing psychosocial support following the 2014 floods in the Sava, Vrbas, and Vrbanja River Basins in the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through surveys with 275 residents and interviews with civil and religious authorities, a notable pattern emerged: while both groups expressed a mutual desire to work together, a reluctance to initiate collaboration hindered progress. Interviews revealed that each group awaited an invitation from the other, resulting in a standstill despite shared interests in cooperation. The study identifies several underlying reasons for this hesitation. Uncertainties about roles, responsibilities, and communication channels contributed to the impasse, perpetuating a cycle of inaction. Despite recognizing the importance of supporting disaster-affected communities, the absence of proactive outreach from either side sustained the disconnect. This research underscores the significance of addressing these collaborative barriers. It emphasizes the need for clear communication, mutual understanding, and proactive engagement to foster effective collaboration between civilian and religious authorities. By creating an environment conducive to openness and initiative-taking, stakeholders can overcome hurdles and enhance disaster response and resilience efforts. The findings have implications for policymakers, practitioners, and community leaders involved in disaster management. By acknowledging and addressing the challenges inhibiting collaboration, stakeholders can unlock the potential of civilian-religious partnerships to strengthen psychosocial support provision and build more resilient communities in the face of future disasters. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/84 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.1 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 1-18 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/84/87 Copyright (c) 2024 Dragiša Jurišić, Zarko Marceta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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An Inevitable Technological Disaster Type: Space Debris Öcal, Fikret Emre Torun, Salih space debris active debris removal (ADR) space situational awareness (SSA) kessler syndrome technological disaster The rapid accumulation of space debris has emerged as a critical threat to global satellite infrastructure, jeopardizing essential services such as communications, navigation and real-time weather forecasting, which are fundamental to effective disaster management. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the multifaceted challenges posed by space debris, focusing on collision risks, Kessler Syndrome and the inherent vulnerabilities of satellite networks. It highlights significant gaps in existing international regulatory frameworks, underscoring the urgent need for stronger global coordination. While technological interventions such as Active Debris Removal (ADR) and enhanced Space Situational Awareness (SSA) show promise, they fall short when applied alone. A sustainable solution requires an integrated approach that combines innovative technologies such as on-orbit manufacturing and self-destruction systems with policy reforms that enforce stricter debris management protocols and encourage compliance with economic measures such as debris removal credits and orbital parking fees. China, European Union, the United States and some other countries have already begun the work needed to coordinate space activities, but the breadth of these efforts and rules varies from country to country, and the lack of ownership or control of space is a problem. Given the important role of satellites in disaster response, the protection of space assets is essential to sustaining global resilience. Ensuring long-term sustainability will depend on international cooperation, binding agreements and a collective commitment to preserve the orbital environment for future generations. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/85 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.5 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 61-78 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/85/83 Copyright (c) 2024 Fikret Emre Öcal, Salih Torun (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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The Contribution of Roads to Forest Fire Protection in Tamza Municipality, Northeast Algeria Tout, Faicel Rebouh, Nouh Dinar, Haythem Benzid, Yacine Zouak, Zakaria disasters forest fires roads protection Tamza Algeria With rising forest fire frequency due to climate change, countries are advancing measures for prevention and faster emergency response. In Algeria, efforts centre on improving access to at-risk forests by expanding forest roads and paths. This study focuses on Ain Mimoun, Tamza in Khenchela Province, examining the role of these routes in forest protection. Using Geographic Information Systems (Google Earth Engine and ArcGIS) alongside field surveys, it identifies areas impacted by the 2021 fires through the difference normalised burn ratio (dNBR) and assesses road proximity to affected zones. Using a cartographic approach, this study highlights road density in fire-hit areas, revealing several constraints limiting the roads' effectiveness as fire barriers. Factors such as tree types and terrain influence fire spread, while fires near forest entrances impede firefighting vehicles due to risks from visibility and respiratory hazards. Maintenance issues further limit the utility of forest paths, and outdated forest road maps complicate firefighting efforts. Proposed solutions include upgrading the firefighting fleet with advanced tools like aircraft for isolated areas, intensifying forest road maintenance, and increasing forest monitors. Additionally, the study suggests exploring fire-resistant plant species, adopting strategic afforestation, and using Geographic Information Systems alongside advanced technologies like drones. These drones, which can provide real-time monitoring of fire and road conditions, support timely decision-making for rescue, evacuation and emergency response. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/86 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 39-50 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/86/85 Copyright (c) 2024 Faicel Tout, Nouh Rebouh, Haythem Dinar, Yacine Benzid, Zakaria Zouak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Optimising Disaster Resilience Through Advanced Risk Management and Financial Analysis of Critical Infrastructure in the Serbian Defence Industry Vidović, Nikola Cvetković, Vladimir M. Beriša, Hatidža disaster risk management; resilience; risk management, financial analysis, critical infrastructure, security, defence, Serbia This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the financial factors and risk management strategies essential for optimizing disaster resilience within the Serbian defence industry's critical infrastructure. The significance of this sector is multi-faceted, impacting national security, economic stability, and technological advancement. Primarily, the Serbian defence industry ensures the preservation of vital defence interests, maintaining Serbia's independence from foreign sources for weapons and military equipment in both peacetime and wartime. Economically, it is a significant employer of the working-age population, directly affecting local employment rates, fostering economic development, and ensuring the sustainable growth of this crucial sector. This, in turn, stimulates broader economic activity and enhances social cohesion while strengthening the national balance of payments through increased export potential. From a technological perspective, the defence industry drives scientific, technological, and industrial development, reinforcing Serbia's global political and military standing within the Western Balkans and on the international stage. Consequently, the paper aims to examine the risk management and protection of the Serbian defence industry's critical infrastructure, offering concrete and actionable measures to improve and develop these systems with a particular emphasis on security. The research's utility and contribution lie in identifying similarities and differences in the operational performance of defence industry companies, a vital segment of the national economy. The presentation of these findings focuses on the protection of critical infrastructure. The results will form the basis for further investigation into the underlying causes of business performance and the effective management of critical infrastructure security. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/87 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.12 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 183-200 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/87/76 Copyright (c) 2024 Nikola Vidović, Vladimir M. Cvetković, Hatidža Beriša (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Private sectors’ interventions in Disaster Risk Management Kaur, Sukhdeep Singh, Kashmir Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); Disaster Risk Management (DRM); Private sector; Public Private Partnerships (PPPs); Capacity Building. The private sector can play a pivotal role in Disaster Risk Management (DRM) by providing services to strengthen resilience such as climate-resilient infrastructure, supply chain, recovery planning, etc. It can also lead the projects to enhance preparedness by providing expertise in risk assessment, relief coordination, and financial protection. With these capabilities, the private sector can extend its cooperation to the government and public sector to reduce people’s vulnerability to various disasters. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one of the prominent ways in which the private sector can contribute towards DRM. In India, private sector-led bodies like the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and, the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) are prominently contributing to DRM through CSR towards capacity-building programs. Private firms of varied sizes such as Mahindra, Reliance, and TATA, make varying financial and non-financial contributions toward relief operations and resilience at the individual level. However, a contribution to disaster preparedness in India by collective private bodies and industry associations has the upper edge because they push for improving the scalability and efficiency of innovative solutions and ease of community use of advanced technological tools. The present study highlights the prominent programs these private bodies such as Alliance for Disaster Resilient Societies (ARISE) India that promote the private sector’s contribution to disaster risk management. Based on the best practices of these programs the recommendations are drawn that stress a strong partnership (Public Private Partnerships (PPPs)) between different stakeholders (Public and Private) to improve the accountability and feasibility of disaster preparedness. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article not applicable application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/88 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.7 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 105-118 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/88/81 Copyright (c) 2024 Sukhdeep Kaur, Kashmir Singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Role of Emerging Technology in Disaster Management in India: An Overview Hanspal, Manindra Singh Behera, Bijayananda Disaster Management GIS AI Technologies India India's diversified topography and dense population present unique challenges for disaster management. Developing technologies for disaster management plans has the potential to improve reaction times and lessen the adverse effects of natural catastrophes. This paper meticulously examines the role of various technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), mobile communication systems and drones, in fortifying disaster management efforts across India. Through a literature review and multiple case studies, including the 2018 Kerala floods, Cyclone Fani in 2019, and the COVID-19 pandemic response, this research demonstrates how AI-driven predictive models enabled early warning and resource optimization, GIS facilities precise hazard mapping and rapid damage assessment, and drones provided critical aerial data in inaccessible areas for relief efforts and rescue operations. This research underscores the potential of technology to enhance recovery operations management, accelerate disaster prediction, and enhance response times. However, we must acknowledge technical constraints, infrastructure shortcomings, and legislative barriers to achieve full-scale application. This article argues that regulatory changes, improved training initiatives, and expanded public-private partnerships are necessary to create more resilient disaster management systems. Subsequent investigations should concentrate on creating flexible and durable technology to tolerate the intricate disaster situations encountered in India. The present study highlights the pivotal function of technology in revolutionizing disaster management methodologies in India, promoting a proactive strategy for incorporating cutting-edge technological solutions. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/89 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.9 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 133-148 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/89/79 Copyright (c) 2024 Manindra Singh Hanspal, Bijayananda Behera (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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An Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts of Rainstorm Disaster on the Livelihood of the Residents of Ikole Local Government Area in Ekiti State, Nigeria Ogunleye, Oluwayemisi Ireti Joseph Arohunsoro, Segun Disaster Rainstorm Rainstorm disaster Relief measures Livelihood This study assessed the socio-economic impacts of the rainstorm disaster which occurred on 3rd March, 2023 on the livelihood of the residents of Ikole LGA in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study area is prone to recurring rainstorms, a natural and metrological disaster that has ravaged the livelihoods of the residents of Ekiti State.  The weather (sunshine hours, temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, visibility, wind direction, wind speed and rainfall) information of Ikole LGA on 3rd March 2023 was obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Oshodi, Lagos, and the incidence/profile of rainstorm in Ikole LGA on the same day was obtained from the Ekiti State Emergency Management Agency. A well–designed and structured questionnaire was administered to respondents to obtain information on the kind of losses encountered by the victims of rainstorm disasters in the locations and the coping strategies they adopted in mitigating the effects of the disaster. The data collected from the victims were analyzed with an SPSS package, presented in tables and followed with discussion. The results showed that the rainstorm brought about socio-economic hardship on the victims in the study area.  It was discovered that some of the relief measures on the ground were short-term measures which provided no lasting solution to the menace. Some general measures suggested among others to mitigate the effects of rainstorms include proper construction of a stormwater drainage system in the study area and the Planting of low-height vegetation that can serve as wind-break. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2024-12-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Tittle application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/90 10.18485/ijdrm.2024.6.2.14 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM) ; 213-222 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/90/74 Copyright (c) 2024 Oluwayemisi Ireti Ogunleye, Segun Joseph Arohunsoro (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Retrogressive or Misplaced Priorities? An Assessment of Public Expenditure for Food Security and Disaster Risk Reduction in Uganda Tushabe, Gerald Rukundo, Peter Milton Kaaya, Archileo Natigo Nahalomo, Aziiza Nateme, Nancy Catherine Iversen, Per Ole Andreassen, Bard Anders Rukooko, Archangel Byaruhanga disaster risk financing rights-based budget analysis food security disaster risk reduction vulnerability The article argues that a rights-based approach to public investment and expenditure in agriculture and disaster risk management is a viable pathway for Uganda to realise the right to adequate food and sustainable development in line with the government’s national and international human rights commitments. This study employed a qualitative research paradigm to examine both primary and secondary data on public investment and expenditure in food security and disaster risk reduction in Uganda. Fifty-six key informant interviews were conducted with purposively selected officials at national and Local Government levels. Data and insights obtained were analysed using thematic and rights-based budget analyses. There is minimal application of rights-based approach principles in the budgeting for food security or disaster risk reduction in Uganda. Public expenditure in the agriculture sector and disaster risk management is inadequate to meet the increasing disasters in the country or to effectively protect the right to adequate food of vulnerable communities in disaster-prone regions. As a State Party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and a signatory to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Uganda is obligated to protect and fulfil the right to adequate food for vulnerable communities in the event of disasters. This will require increased public and private investment in the agriculture sector and strengthening the disaster risk financing mechanisms at both national and Local Government levels. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/91 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.2 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 15-38 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/91/116 Copyright (c) 2025 Gerald Tushabe, Peter Milton Rukundo, Archileo Natigo Kaaya, Aziiza Nahalomo, Nancy Catherine Nateme, Per Ole Iversen, Bard Anders Andreassen, Archangel Byaruhanga Rukooko (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Declination of the Strategic Compass: Transatlantic Elites, German Leadership, and the Future of European Security Ilić, Vladimir Milašinović, Miraš security emergency Friedrich Merz Atlantic Bridge Strategic Compass European Security NATO Transatlantic Elites Risk Governance Ukraine Germany EU Foreign Policy The appointment of Friedrich Merz as Germany’s new Chancellor, following an unusual repeat vote, marked a significant shift in German and broader European political dynamics. This paper examines the enduring influence of transatlantic networks, notably the Atlantic Bridge (Atlantik-Brücke), on Germany’s strategic orientation within the evolving European security architecture. Through comparative and analytical-deductive methods, the study explores how elite transnational structures, shaped by economic and ideological power centres, influence the implementation and limitations of the European Union’s Strategic Compass for Security and Defence. The paper argues that this strategic framework, conceived as a response to contemporary crises such as the war in Ukraine, may be increasingly subject to “declinations” driven by competing geopolitical interests and internal legitimacy challenges within EU member states. By tracing the personal and institutional ties of key actors, including Chancellor Merz, the paper sheds light on the deeper geopolitical alignments that underpin NATO-EU cooperation and transatlantic risk governance. The findings highlight the urgent need for a more balanced and citizen-oriented security strategy if lasting peace and stability are to be achieved in Europe. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/92 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.28 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 495-506 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/92/90 Copyright (c) 2025 Vladimir Ilić, Miraš Milašinović (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Ensuring Disaster Management Practices in Academic Libraries of Ghana: The Issues at Hand Edward, Asante Dodzi, Odoom Franklin Wilson, Adjei Budu Kenneth causes of disaster technological approaches challenges of disaster management disaster management policy disaster management practices disaster recovery plan The study focused on ensuring disaster management practices in academic libraries of Ghana, with a specific emphasis on a technical university library in Ghana. The convenience sampling method was used to select the study participants. The participants consisted of 455 respondents drawn from the university community. The study adopted a descriptive survey. The researchers used a Five-point Likert scale questionnaire to measure the various constructs.  The researchers on the campus of a technical university in Ghana administered this. Out of 455 questionnaires distributed, 443 were valid for analysis. This represented 97.4% of the sample size and was valid for analysis. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 computer software, the data obtained were analysed. The results showed that all the hypotheses tested indicated a positive relationship between the independent variables (Causes of Disaster, Technological Approaches, Challenges of Disaster Management, and Disaster Management Policy) and the dependent variable (Disaster Management Practices), except for the relationship between Challenges of Effective Management and the dependent variable. This suggests that the management of academic libraries in ensuring practical disaster management issues of the causes of disasters such as flooding, power fluctuations, power surges, fire outbreaks, roof leakages, earthquakes, mutilation, hacking of the library computers, plumbing defects as well as activities of pests (termites, cockroaches, rodents) among others should be given attention. The study recommends implementing technological approaches, such as fire detectors, fire extinguishers, smoke detectors, fire alarms, and CCT cameras, among others, to mitigate the occurrence of natural disasters. The study further recommends that academic libraries, in their pursuit of achieving effective disaster management, should develop a disaster recovery plan and policy to guide implementation. The policy should outline timelines for staff training, periodic inspections, security upgrades, repair of leakages and assembly points, and creation of awareness about disasters and emergency response lines, among others, as they form the core elements of ensuring disaster management practices in an emergency. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/93 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.23 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 399-416 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/93/95 Copyright (c) 2025 Asante Edward, Odoom Franklin Dodzi, Adjei Budu Kenneth Wilson (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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From Vulnerability to Resilience: A Systematic Review of Odisha's Integrated Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction Pradhan, Balaram Kumar , Sanjeev Nayak , Dhananjay disaster governance Odisha cyclone resilience early warning systems community participation climate adaptation Odisha, a coastal state in India, has transformed its disaster management framework from a reactive model to a proactive, resilience-centred approach in response to frequent cyclones, floods, and climate-related hazards. This shift, necessitated by the need to protect lives, infrastructure, and livelihoods, gained momentum after the catastrophic 1999 Super Cyclone, which claimed over 10,000 lives and exposed critical gaps in preparedness. Over the past two decades, Odisha’s reforms have significantly reduced fatalities through improved policies, infrastructure, and community engagement. This review examines Odisha’s evolution in disaster governance from 1999 to 2024, analysing key initiatives such as the establishment of the Odisha State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA), early warning systems, cyclone shelters, and evacuation plans. Using the PRISMA framework, the study evaluates 40 peer-reviewed articles, reports, and policy documents to assess the impact of these measures. Despite progress, challenges remain, including last-mile connectivity in disaster warnings—particularly for remote tribal communities—and the growing threats posed by rising sea levels and intensifying cyclones. Nature-based solutions, such as mangrove restoration, and community-driven programs like Odisha’s Tsunami Ready initiative (involving 26 villages) offer scalable strategies for enhancing resilience. These experiences provide valuable lessons for other vulnerable regions, such as Indonesia and the Philippines. Moving forward, prioritising technological integration, decentralised governance, and sustainable recovery strategies will be crucial for strengthening Odisha’s long-term climate resilience. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/94 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.30 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 519-532 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/94/88 Copyright (c) 2025 Balaram Pradhan, Sanjeev Kumar , Dhananjay Nayak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Network Structure in Disaster Response: The Mediating Role of Coordination Within a Humanitarian Organizational Network in Uganda Masaba, Ayub Kutosi Aryatwijuka, Wilbroad M. Ntayi, Joseph Bagire, Vincent risk humanitarian network structure coordination disaster response There is limited academic endeavour to study the mediating role of coordination in the relationship between network structure and disaster response in the context of humanitarian organisations. Furthermore, much of the research focuses on identifying challenges rather than offering deeper insights about this study. Moreover, most disaster management research centres on Western countries with well-established response systems and planned coordination. This overlooks the unique realities of less developed countries, such as Uganda, where humanitarian contexts are more complex and response systems are less organised. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, utilising quantitative methods. A survey was conducted using questionnaires administered to seventy (70) humanitarian organisations, particularly those that participated in the three (3) Ugandan disasters highlighted in this study. Findings suggest that the structure of the humanitarian organisational network impacts disaster response, and coordination mediates the relationship between network structure and disaster response. The study concludes that disaster response is dependent on a well-structured humanitarian organisational network, and without coordination, disaster response efforts are likely to be ineffective. This study further provides both theoretical and practical implications, especially for disaster scholars and practitioners in developing countries. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/95 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.3 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 39-54 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/95/115 Copyright (c) 2025 Ayub Kutosi Masaba, Wilbroad Aryatwijuka, Joseph M. Ntayi, Vincent Bagire (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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University Students’ Perception, Knowledge, and Preparedness of Flood Disaster Risk Management in Assam (India) Barik, Pritisha Bhuyan, Anjan Hodam, Sanayanbi University students perception knowledge preparedness flood management Assam Assam is a state in India that is highly vulnerable to floods. This study aims to evaluate flood disaster risk perception, knowledge, and preparedness among university students in Assam. A quantitative survey was conducted through an online questionnaire. A total of 50 samples (25 PhD, 25 postgraduate) were collected. Participants were asked about their perceptions of flood risk, knowledge, and preparedness regarding flood disaster risk management. By using the structured questionnaire and Pearson's Chi-Square test to determine the statistical significance of differences between the university students. The finding shows that 96% admit that riverine communities are vulnerable to floods. Although 78% of households need emergency plans, only 4% practice evacuation drills. Eighty-four per cent of PhD students exhibit a higher risk perception of interruption in essential services during a flood. Overall, 62% were aware of the Assam State Disaster Management Authority (ASDMA). At most, 28% understood district-level flood management systems. Awareness of ASDMA notably correlated with trust in timely warnings (52% aware and 48% unaware). Despite 86% of respondents monitoring weather alerts, 82% were unaware of community warning signals, and 56% had an unavailability of emergency contacts. The study highlights an analytical gap between theoretical awareness and practical preparedness among university students in Assam. The findings emphasise the need to integrate disaster drills into academic curricula, strengthen community-institutional partnerships, and develop localised educational tools to bridge this gap. These strategies are necessary for enhancing resilience in flood-prone regions of Assam, establishing knowledge, and promoting actionable preparedness. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/96 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.24 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 417-430 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/96/94 Copyright (c) 2025 Pritisha Barik, Anjan Bhuyan, Sanayanbi Hodam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Large-Area Emergency Lockdowns with Automated Driving Systems Goodall, Noah travel restriction automated vehicle autonomous vehicle self-driving robotaxi Region-wide restrictions on personal vehicle travel have a long history in the United States, from riot curfews in the late 1960s to travel bans during snow events to the 2013 shelter-in-place “lockdown” during the search for the perpetrator of the Boston Marathon bombing. Because lockdowns require a tremendous amount of resources to enforce, they are often limited in duration or scope. The introduction of automated driving systems may enable governments to quickly and cost-effectively implement large-scale lockdowns by disrupting wireless communications, inserting road closures into digital maps, exploiting a vehicle’s programming to obey all traffic control devices, or coordinating with vehicle manufacturers. Future vehicles may lack conventional controls, rendering them undrivable by the public. As travel restrictions become easier to implement, governments may enforce them more frequently, over longer durations and wider areas. This article examines the practical, legal, and ethical implications of lockdowns in scenarios where most driving is highly automated and offers guidance on the development of lockdown policies. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/97 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.22 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 385-398 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/97/96 Copyright (c) 2025 Noah Goodall (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Evaluating Puntland’s Disaster Risk Management Policy: Institutional Preparedness, Community Engagement and Implementation Challenges Mohamed Kalakaan, Mohamed Musse disaster risk management public policy institutional preparedness Puntland community engagement Disaster Risk Management (DRM) plays a pivotal role in governance, particularly in regions prone to recurrent hazards, such as Puntland, Somalia. This study critically examines the effectiveness of Puntland’s 2014 DRM Policy, focusing on institutional preparedness, community participation, and implementation challenges. It assesses whether the policy remains relevant in mitigating disaster risks, aligns with global frameworks, and integrates effectively into Puntland’s governance system. Findings indicate significant policy gaps, including weak institutional coordination, inadequate financial resources, and minimal public engagement in disaster response efforts. A case study of Qardho district illustrates the real-world impact of these shortcomings, particularly in response delays and ineffective recovery strategies. The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive policy revision that enhances institutional capacity, defines clear stakeholder responsibilities, ensures sustainable funding, and promotes meaningful community involvement. Aligning Puntland’s DRM strategy with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Somalia National DRM Policy (2020) can strengthen regional resilience and adaptive capacity. By addressing these deficiencies, Puntland can establish a more effective, inclusive DRM framework that safeguards vulnerable communities and mitigates disaster risks.   Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Creator application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/98 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.29 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 507-518 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/98/89 Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamed Musse Mohamed Kalakaan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Teachers’ Perception Towards Responses of COVID-19 Pandemic Management in Gandaki Province of Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Survey Ojha, Jyoti Chandra Bhattarai, Prakash Chandra Devkota, Bhimsen disaster COVID-19 cross-sectional perception responses teachers The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted numerous organisations, including those in the health, education, livelihood, and development sectors. The outbreak of COVID-19 resulted in the prolonged closure of many educational institutions. Health and education authorities made concerted efforts to maintain teaching and learning activities in schools. Teachers’ perceptions are crucial for the effectiveness of future pandemic response initiatives. Therefore, this study aims to assess teachers’ perceptions of the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among teachers in community schools from June 29 to August 28, 2023, in the Gandaki Province of Nepal. The sample size consisted of 732 individuals, selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. A pretested questionnaire was self-administered. Data were analysed using the chi-square test and logistic regression at a 5% significance level. This study reveals that 69.7% of teachers held inadequate perceptions regarding efforts to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and reopen schools. Teachers with more experience (B = 0.11; p = 0.57) and those from urban municipalities (B = 0.02; p = 0.26) had a more positive perception of the responses. However, gender, monthly family income, work experience, number of family members, and municipal type were insignificantly associated with teachers’ perceptions of the responses to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. This study demonstrates that teachers had an inadequate level of perception regarding responses to COVID-19 pandemic management and the reopening of schools. These results suggest that policymakers and managers in the health and education sectors must develop comprehensive responses to prevent the entry and spread of COVID-19 among teachers, as well as to enhance the resilience of schools and society for future epidemics. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/99 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.27 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 485-494 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/99/91 Copyright (c) 2025 Jyoti Chandra Ojha, Prakash Chandra Bhattarai, Bhimsen Devkota (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Project DINGGIN: Empowering Communities through Risk‐Based and Inclusive Cash Transfer in Disaster‐Prone Areas in Bangladesh and Philippines M. Canete, Rhinadel Lisay, Samantha Kay Sayadat Mahmud, Md. Nazmus community-managed disaster risk reduction (CMDRR) risk-based cash transfer hybrid governance participatory risk mapping disaster preparedness humanitarian nexus community resilience Disaster-prone communities in Albay, Philippines and Bhola, Bangladesh, face recurring typhoons, cyclones, and floods that simultaneously destroy homes, disrupt livelihoods, and threaten food security. Traditional cash transfer programs (CTPs) for disaster relief often lack inclusive, risk-informed design and fail to account for the intersectional vulnerabilities of at-risk groups. Project DINGGIN (Dynamic Inclusive Network for Governance, Guidance, Intersectionality, and Nexus) addresses this gap by developing a risk-based, community-informed cash transfer framework. The approach bridges bottom-up risk data gathered through household surveys, participatory risk mapping, focus groups, and interviews with top-down policy frameworks within a humanitarian-development-peace nexus approach. Data from Albay and Bhola revealed that affected households prioritise simultaneous home rebuilding and income recovery; however, existing cash assistance is fragmented and not well-coordinated. Using a decision-support dashboard, local governments and communities co-developed tailored Cash Transfer Values (CTVs) reflecting each community’s specific disaster risks and socioeconomic needs. The results demonstrate that an integrated cash transfer strategy—addressing shelter, food, and livelihoods together—can provide immediate relief while strengthening long-term resilience. For example, households in high-risk zones received larger grants for shelter reinforcement and livelihood restoration, aligning assistance with locally identified needs. This risk-informed, inclusive CTP model improved community ownership and met humanitarian Sphere standards for equity and adequacy. The discussion of Project DINGGIN’s pilot indicates strengthened multi-sectoral coordination and highlights areas for improvement, such as providing multi-phase support beyond the emergency phase, offering financial literacy training to beneficiaries, and implementing adaptive disbursement schedules. The study concludes that empowering communities to co-design cash interventions not only ensures a more effective disaster response but also institutionalises resilience-building for future crises, aligning with national disaster management plans and international frameworks. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Research Article application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/100 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.20 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 339-366 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/100/98 Copyright (c) 2025 Rhinadel M. Canete, Samantha Kay Lisay, Md. Nazmus Sayadat Mahmud (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Smart Life Safety Jacket For Rescuers Sarkar, Subhankar Smart Life Safety Jacket Internet of Things GPS sensors ESP-32 microcontroller results Smart Life safety jackets have been widely used in flood rescue operations for many years. However, most of these jackets are outdated and lack integration with modern technology. Due to this, rescuers often encounter several operational challenges. Therefore, the implementation of advanced technology in the design of life safety jackets has been considered necessary for improving disaster response efficiency. The primary objective of this study is to develop a bright life safety jacket that incorporates modern technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks, GPS, and oxygen level monitoring. Real-time condition tracking, including rescue time, has also been set as a significant focus of this research. A design-based methodology has been adopted to integrate multiple advanced technologies into the bright jacket. Key components include IoT modules, sensors, GPS, wireless communication networks, and user interaction systems. Various technical and usability aspects have been explored through literature reviews and feasibility studies conducted during different stages of the research. Through this study, a bright life safety jacket has been proposed that is equipped with modern features intended to enhance rescue operations. Key functionalities, including GPS tracking, oxygen level detection, wireless sensor networks, and real-time communication through IoT platforms, have been incorporated to enhance coordination between rescuers and control rooms. The proposed clever life safety jacket design offers several advantages, including enhanced situational awareness and reduced risk of injury. By using modern sensor and cloud technologies, the safety and efficiency of both rescuers and victims during flood emergencies are expected to be significantly enhanced. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Using Modern Technology Internet of Things application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/101 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.21 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 367-384 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/101/97 Copyright (c) 2025 Subhankar Sarkar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Guardians of Safety: Assessing Awareness and Preparedness of Teachers along with School Initiatives for Disaster Risk Reduction Razia, Battepurath disaster risk reduction awareness disaster preparedness earthquake fire hazard Schools are the foundational pillars of society, shaping the future of the nation. Ensuring the safety and security of students and staff is vital; however, it has been observed that schools are among the most vulnerable institutions during disasters. The present survey aimed to explore teachers' awareness and preparedness for disaster risk reduction related to earthquakes and fire hazards in schools. Additionally, it assesses the availability of resources allocated for earthquake and firebreak preparedness in schools. The study was conducted on a sample of 553 primary and secondary school teachers from various schools in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. The findings reveal that the majority (80.39%) of teachers are familiar with the evacuation routes in the school; however, only 29.40% have received training for the "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" technique needed for earthquake risk reduction. 37.25% of teachers have received training in using fire extinguishers or fire alarms in schools. Significantly, few schools (41.09%) reported that mock drills were held regularly to train students in emergencies. A concerning gap prevailed in the training of teachers and students regarding disaster risk reduction in schools. Key findings indicate an urgent need for comprehensive, hands-on training programs for teachers at both pre-service and in-service levels. In conclusion, the survey emphasises the critical need to prioritise DRR activities in schools and teacher education institutions while also investing swiftly in the preparedness of teachers. By providing the necessary skills and resources, schools can significantly enhance teachers' capacity to protect the lives and well-being of students during unforeseen circumstances. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/102 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.19 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 325-338 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/102/99 Copyright (c) 2025 Battepurath Razia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Assessment of Climate-Induced Vulnerabilities and Poverty Alleviation Potential of Dry Fish Industry: An Ecological and Socio-economic Study in Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh Md. Kayes, Abu Nayem Tasnim Tabassum Md. Al Mominur Rahman Khan vulnerability poverty climate change smart solar sun dryer dry fish industry Climate change disrupts the ecosystem and decimates nature-dependent populations. The dried fish business in Cox's Bazar relies on raw fish. The community in Cox's Bazar district largely depends on these industries, which have contributed to poverty alleviation and local economic growth. However, they also have mixed ecological impacts, including positive outcomes and challenges such as waste generation. This paper assesses livelihood vulnerability in the coastal areas of Cox’s Bazar and Kutubdia through the LVI, LVI-IPCC, and various statistical tests. Data collection involved a survey of 150 households at each site, two focus group discussions (FGDs) at each site, and one key informant interview (KII) in each area. The results indicate that Kutubdia Island is more vulnerable than Cox’s Bazar, with an LVI value of 0.437. Initiatives for eco-friendliness, such as the adoption of Smart Solar Sun-Dryers, are being implemented. At the same time, the waste from this industry, which constitutes 14% of the waste in Cox's Bazar, is increasingly being reused for fish feed. These findings underscore the dual impact of this industry on the environment and its crucial role in the livelihoods of local communities. This will help policymakers formulate effective strategies for resource allocation, development planning, and policy formulation. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Multimedia application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/103 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.26 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 461-484 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/103/92 Copyright (c) 2025 Abu Nayem Md. Kayes, Tasnim Tabassum, Md. Al Mominur Rahman Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Understanding Ransomware Through the Lens of Disaster Risk: Implications for Cybersecurity and Economic Stability Vidović, Nikola Cvetković, Vladimir M. Beriša, Hatidža Milašinović, Srđan ransomware cybersecurity disaster risk digital economy financial impact critical infrastructure cyber resilience socio-economic consequences risk governance ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) Ransomware has emerged as a modern digital crisis, mirroring the widespread disruptions typically associated with natural or artificial disasters. As global economies grow increasingly interconnected through digital systems, the fallout from ransomware attacks stretches far beyond mere technical breaches. These incidents result in severe financial damage, disrupt operations, erode reputations, and contribute to broader socioeconomic instability. This study adopts a disaster risk perspective to examine the broader economic and social impact of ransomware, particularly its effects on critical infrastructure and public trust in institutions. Through a multi-case analysis of sixteen significant ransomware attacks between 2015 and 2025, the research highlights a recurring pattern: direct and indirect costs often compound, with impacts varying from ransom demands and halted services to reputational loss and sector-wide vulnerabilities. The rise of Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) has also made these attacks more accessible and complex, deepening the threat landscape. The findings underscore the need to integrate cybersecurity into comprehensive disaster risk management strategies. Policymakers, institutions, and businesses must adopt a forward-looking approach—emphasising continuous risk evaluation, resilient digital infrastructure, and collaboration across sectors. To protect economies from escalating cyber threats, adaptive regulations and anticipatory defences are no longer optional—they're essential. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/104 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.14 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 247-264 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/104/104 Copyright (c) 2025 Nikola Vidović, Vladimir M. Cvetković, Hatidža Beriša, Srđan Milašinović (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.localhost:article/105 2026-07-28T11:20:18Z Vol1:ART driver

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Disaster Response Coordination Ocal, Fikret Emre Torun, Salih artificial intelligence disaster management machine learning computer vision explainable AI situational awareness This review critically examines the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in coordinating the core phases of disaster response: preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation.  Drawing on illustrative case studies such as AI-driven flood forecasting with Delft-FEWS, post-disaster damage mapping via DroneDeploy, and optimised emergency dispatch through RescueME. It synthesises evidence on five core AI capabilities (machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and optimisation algorithms). We find that AI can substantially improve predictive accuracy, real-time situational awareness, rapid decision-making, resource allocation, and inter-agency collaboration, thereby addressing the speed and complexity challenges of traditional disaster management. However, adoption is hindered by fragmented data ecosystems, opaque “black box” models, interoperability gaps, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, ethical and equity concerns, and limited accessibility in low-resource settings. To overcome these barriers, we argue for the development of interoperable data standards, explainable AI frameworks, robust cyber governance protocols, and inclusive stakeholder engagement. Emerging trends, such as the convergence of AI with IoT and edge computing, enhanced human-AI decision support, and the democratisation of AI tools, offer promising pathways for building more resilient, scalable, and ethically grounded disaster response systems. By aligning technological innovation with human oversight and participatory governance, strategic integration of AI can enhance preparedness, response effectiveness, and recovery efficiency, fostering safer and more resilient communities worldwide. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/105 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.13 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 235-246 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/105/105 Copyright (c) 2025 Fikret Emre Ocal, Salih Torun (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Predictors of Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Among Adult Residents in Selected Highly-Dense Barangays in Tondo, Manila Desalit, Pamela Duque, Gielian Bernard Edradan, Trisha Mae Enciso, Krizza Hana Enriquez, Micaela Raine M. Pan, Warren Kemuel predictors disaster response self-efficacy highly-dense barangays Tondo Manila The Philippines' geographical location and high population density, along with the effects of climate change, make the country vulnerable to disasters like typhoons, fires, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. Densely populated areas, such as Tondo, Manila, are especially at risk, necessitating stronger community disaster preparedness and response efforts. Thus, this study examined the predictors and level of disaster response self-efficacy (DRSE) among adult residents of highly dense barangays in Tondo, Manila. The study utilised a descriptive correlational research design. A total of 281 participants from three selected, highly dense barangays in Tondo, Manila, were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using an adapted and validated instrument that assessed disaster response self-efficacy and its associated predictors. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha, and the data were analysed using multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Version 25. Significant predictors of disaster response self-efficacy included community support (B = 0.382, p < 0.000), past disaster experience (B = 0.196, p < 0.000), perceived susceptibility (B = 0.169, p = 0.006), and monthly income (B = -0.00000685, p = 0.005). No significant associations were observed for gender, education level, duration of residence, geographical perspective, or perceived severity of the condition. Overall, participants exhibited high disaster response self-efficacy. Community support, past disaster experiences, and perceived susceptibility all enhance disaster response self-efficacy in highly dense urban populations, while income constraints appear to be a limiting factor. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies to strengthen community resilience and preparedness in vulnerable areas. Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management (SPS-DRM), Belgrade 2025-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/106 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.17 International Journal of Disaster Risk Management; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM); 301-312 2620-2786 2620-2662 en en_US https://internationaljournalofdisasterriskmanagement.com/index.php/Vol1/article/view/106/101 Copyright (c) 2025 Pamela Desalit, Gielian Bernard Duque, Trisha Mae Edradan, Krizza Hana Enciso, Micaela Raine Enriquez, Warren Kemuel M. Pan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 a17577f2caaa070abc139c3c0075e870